*

_

'*

W '\

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS

MAN AND THE INFERIOR ANIMALS

IN THE COLLECTION OF

SAMJJEL GEORGE MORTON, M. D., Penn. and Edinb.

Vice President of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

AUTHOR OF

" Crania Americana," " Crania .AJgrptiaca," etc.

" The physical or organic characters which distinguish the several races of men, are ob old as the earliest records of our species."— Crania Aigyptiaca.

THIRD EDITION.

PHILADELPHIA:

MERRIHEVV & THOMPSON, PRINTERS, NO. 7 CARTER'S ALLEY.

1849.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS

MAN AND THE INFERIOR ANIMALS

IN THE COLLECTION OF

SAMUEL GEORGE MORTON, M. D., Penn. and Edinb.

Vice President of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

AUTHOR OF

" Crania Americana," " Crania iKgjptiaca," etc.

" The physical or organic characters which distinguish the several races of men, are as old as the earliest records of our species."— Crania JtZgyptiaca.

THIRD EDITION.

PHILADELPHIA:

MERRIHEW & THOMPSON, PRINTERS, NO. 7 CARTER'S ALLEY.

1849.

ADDENDA.

692 Skull of a Charib of the Antilles, obtained in the island of Nassau by the late Rev. Thomas Leaver, for several years a missionary there. He presented the cranium to Dr. Thomas C. Dunn, of Newport, Rhode Island, by whom it was added to the present collection, A. D. 1849. Man, aetat. 30. I. C. 89.

693 Narraganset Indian, from an old cemetery of that tribe on the western shore of Tiverton, in Rhode Island. Man, aetat. 30. I. C. 85. Dr. Thomas C. Dunn.

The following measurements have been omitted in the catalogue : No. 1210, I. C. 104.— No. 1417, I. C. 79.— No. 1474, I. C. 86.— No. 1512, I.C. 90. F. A. 81°.

The term Ancient Nubian, Nos. 839 and 888, is here used synonymously with Meroite or Ethiopian, without any reference to the Negro race. I have also sometimes designated the ancient Caucasians of Ethiopia as Austral-Egyptians .

CORRIGENDA,

No. 657, for I. C. 103, read I. C. 101. No. 720, for 1849, read 1839. No. 11S7, for I. C. 10G, read I. C. 104. No. 1211, for two months, read five months.

INTRODUCTION.

I commenced the study of Ethnology in 1830; in which year having occasion to deliver an introductory lecture on Anatomy, it occurred to me to illustrate the differences in the form of the skull as seen in the five great races of men. After the lapse of but twenty years the fact seems strange even to myself, that when I sought the materials for my proposed lecture, I found to my surprise that they could be neither bought nor borrowed. Caucasian and Negro crania were readily procured, and two or three Indian skulls were placed at my disposal ; but for the Mongolian and Malay I inquired in vain. I resolved, therefore, to supply this remarkable deficiency in an important branch of science ; and much time, toil and expense have been rewarded by the acquisition of 867 human skulls and 601 of the inferior animals. Yet I need hardly add, that had it not been for the exertions of my friends in every quarter of the globe, my object would have remained unaccomplished. The following pages afford emphatic evidence on this point; and it gives me great pleasure thus to record the kindness of those persons who have aided me in an enterprise that, for obvious reasons, has been attended by many difficulties.

IV INTRODUCTION.

The primary motive in making the following collection, has been to compare the characters of the cranium in the different races of men, and these again with the skulls of the inferior animals j not only in reference to exterior form, but also to internal capacity as indicative of the size of the brain.

Beside these strictly Ethnographic objects, some others of a different and subordinate kind have been had in view ; such as pathological conditions of the skull from diseases and from wounds; remarkable developments illustrative of the principles of Phrenology, and preternatural growths of every description.

The Indian crania contained in this series have received my especial attention, both in respect to their number and authenticity, for they have been collected with great care by the gentlemen whose names are associated with them. In every instance where a doubt is entertained as to the tribe or nation to which the skull belonged, it is expressed by a mark of interrogation ; and where no clue exists for such information, the deficiency is noted accordingly. I have sometimes had the skulls of both Europeans and Africans sent me by mistake for those of Indians : that these should occasionally be mingled in the same cemeteries is readily understood ; but a practised eye can separate them without difficulty.

Large as this collection already is, a glance at the Ethnological Table will show that it is very deficient in some divisions of the human family. For example, it contains no skulls of the Eskimaux, Fuegians, Californians or Brazilians. The distorted heads of the Oregon tribes are also but partially represented, while the loner- headed people of the Lake of Titicaca, in Bolivia, are altogether wanting. Skulls also of the great divisions of the Caucasian and Mongolian races are also too few for satisfactory comparison, and the Sclavonic and Tchudic (Finnish) nations, together with the Mongol tribes of Northern Asia and China, are among the especial desiderata of this collection.

INTRODUCTION.

The following analysis exhibits an Ethnographic view of the materials embraced in the entire series.

1. Caucasian Race.

Anglo-American, 8.

Anglo-Irish. 1.

Armenian. 6.

Affghan, 1.

Arab, 3.

Arab-Egyptian or Fellah, 19.

Celtic Irish, 5.

Circassian, 4.

Dutch, 1.

English, 5.

Egyptian, Ancient 84.

Graeco-EgyptianorPelasgic, 22

Guanche, 1.

German, 13.

Hindu, 35.

Midianite, 1.

Parsee, 2.

Phoenician, 1.

Prussian, 4.

Swede, 2.

Semitic-Egyptian, 7.

Uncertain, 1.

2. Mongolian Race.

Chinese, 7. Laplander, 1.

3. Malay Race.

Amboynese, 3. Bornese, 2. Ballinese, 1. Cingalese, 1. Javanese, 5. Kanaka, 7. Makassar, 3. Madurese, 2. Malakese, 1. New Zealanders. 3. Sambawese, 1. Tagelos, 1. Various, 4.

4. Aboriginal American Race.

Assinaboin. 3.

Araucanian, 7.

Aztec, 2.

Arickaree, 3.

Chechemecan, 1.

Cotonay, 3.

Cayuga, 1.

Cherokee, 5.

Chetimaches, 2.

Creek, 2.

Choctaw, 1.

Charib, 2.

Chippeway, 2.

Chimuyan, 1.

Chemesyan, 1.

Chenouk, 7.

Cowalitsk, 1.

Clatsap, 1.

Clickitat, 1.

Chayenne, 1.

Dacota, 1.

Euchee, 1.

Gepepscot, 1.

Huron, 5.

Illinois, 2.

Iroquois, 2.

Kalapooyah, 1.

Klatstoni. 1.

Lenape, 3.

Lipari, 2.

Mexican, 12.

Manta, 1.

Mandan, 7.

Minetari, 4.

Missouri, 1.

Mingo, 1.

Miami, 6.

Mohawk, 3.

Menominee, 7.

Massasauga, 1.

Maya, 1.

Mound and cave skulls, 17.

Natchez, 1.

Natick, 1.

Naumkeag, 1.

Narraganset, 10.

Nanticoke, 1.

Otomie, 5.

Ottigamie, 3.

Oneida, 1.

VT

INTRODUCTION.

Osage, 2. Otoe, 4. Ottowa, 4. Peruvian, 201. Pawnee, 2. Potowatomie, 3. Paraes, 2. Quichua, 1. Quinnipiak, 1. Seminole, 15. Sauk, 3. Shawnee, 4. Shoshone, 3. Tlahuica, 1. Tlascalan, 1. Upsarooka, 2. Winnebago, 2. Yamassee ? 3. Uncertain tribes, 5.

5. Negro Race.

Native African Negroes :

Benguela, 1. Bassa, 3. Congo, ]. Grabbo, 1. Mina, 1.

Mozambique, 2. Kroo, 2. Eboe, 2. Golah, 2. Pessah, 3. Dey, 2. Macua, 1. Various, 57.

Negroes born in America, 12. Embalmed Negro, 1.

Caffer, 1. Hottentot, 3. Australian, 8. Oceanic Negro, 1. Hovah, 2. Tasmanian'? 1.

6. Mixed Races.

Copt, Modern 3. Hispano-Peruvian, 2. Mulatto, 2. Negro and Indian, 2. Negroid Egyptian, 11. Copt, Ancient 2. Modern Nubian? 1. Uncertain, 2.

7. Lunatics.

Anglo-American, 2. English, 1. German, 1. Irish, 1. Mulatto, 2. Negro, 2.

8. Idiots.

Anglo-American, 1. Dutch, 1. European. 1. Ancient Egyptian, 2. Malay, 1. Negro, 1.

Skulls illustrative of growth, 7. Skulls illustrative of disease, 9. Casts of skulls, 26.

Recapitulation.

Human crania,

Crania of Mammalia,

Crania of Birds,

Crania of Reptiles and Fishes,

867

253

267

81

1468*

•There is a discrepancy between this total and that in the Catalogue itself, owing to certain numbers having been cancelled and not refilled.

INTRODUCTION. VII

The letters F. A. express the facial angle, and I. C. refer to the internal capacity of the cranium as obtained by the process invented by my friend Mr. J. S. Phillips, and described in my Crania Americana, p. 253, merely substituting leaden shot, one-eighth of an inch in diameter, in place of the white mustard-seed originally used. I thus obtain the absolute capacity of the cranium, or bulk of the brain, in cubic inches; and the results are annexed in all those instances in which I have had leisure to put this revised mode of measurement in practice. I have restricted it, at least for the purpose of my inferential conclusions, to the crania of persons of sixteen years of age and upwards, at which period the brain is believed to possess the adult size. Under this age, the capacity-measurement has only been resorted to for the purpose of collateral comparison.

All the measurements in this Catalogue, both of the facial angle and internal capacity, have been made with my own hands. I at one time employed a person to aid me in these elaborate and fatiguing details ; but having detected some errors in his measure- ments, I have been at the pains to revise all that part of the series that had not been previously measured by myself. I can now, therefore, vouch for the accuracy of these multitudinous data, which I cannot but regard as a novel and important contri- bution to Ethnological science.

It is necessary to add, that the measurements originally pub- lished in the Crania Americana were made with seeds, which will explain the discrepancy between the numbers observable in that work and this catalogue. The measurements of the Crania ^Egyptiaca having been originally made with shot, require no revision : nor can I avoid expressing my satisfaction at the singular accuracy of this method, since a skull of an hundred cubic inches, if measured any number of times with reasonable care, will not vary a single cubic inch.

I am now engaged in a memoir which will embrace the detailed conclusions that result from these data ; and meanwhile I submit the following tabular view of the prominent facts.

TABLE,

Showing the Size of the Brain in cubic inches, as obtained from the measure- ment of 623 Crania of various Races and Families of Man.

KACES AND FAMILIES.

MODERN CAUCASIAN GROUP.

Teutonic Family.

Germans,

English,

Anglo-Americans , Pelasgic Family.

Persians,

Armenians,

Circassians, Celtic Family.

Native Irish, Indostanic Family.

Bengalees, fyc. Semitic Family.

Arabs, Nilotic Family.

Fellahs,

ANCIENT CAUCASIAN GROUP.

S 8

u

Pelasgic Family.

Grceco -Egyptians,

j Nilotic Family. (_ Egyptians,

MONGOLIAN GROUP.

Chinese Family.

MALAY GROUP.

Malayan Family. Polynesian Family.

AMERICAN GROUP.

Toltecan Family. Peruvians, Mexicans ,

Barbarous Tribes. Iroquois, Lenape, Cherokee, Shoshone, fyc.

No. of Skulls.

NEGRO GROUP.

Native African Family. American-born Negroes. Hottentot Family. Alforian Family. Australians,

IS 5 7

10

6

32 3

17

IS

\.m

20 3

155 22

}>161

62 12

3

Largest I.C.

114

105

97

94

97 91 98 96

97

96

97 84

101 92

104

89 83

83

Smallest Mean. I. C.

70 91 82

75

78 67 84 66

74

70

68 82

58 67

70

65 73 68

63

90 96 90

84

87 80 89 SO

80

82

86 83

75 79

84

83 82 75

75

Mean.

92

■85

79

83

INTRODUCTION. IX

In this table the measurements of children, idiots and mixed races are omitted, excepting only in the instance of the Fellahs of Egypt, who, however, are a blended stock of two Caucasian nations, — the true Egyptian and the intrusive Arab, in which the characteristics of the former greatly predominate.

No mean has been taken of the Caucasian race* collectively, because of the very great preponderance of Hindu, Egyptian and Fellah skulls over those of the Germanic, Pelasgic and Celtic families. Nor could any just collective comparison be instituted between the Caucasian and Negro groups in such a table, unless the

*It is necessary to explain what is here meant by the word race. Further researches into Ethnographic affinities will probably demonstrate that what are now termed the five races of men, would be more appropriately called groups; that each of these groups is again divisible into a greater or smaller number of primary races, each of which has expanded from an aboriginal nucleus or centre. Thus I conceive that there were several centres for the American group of races, of which the highest in the scale are the Toltecan nations, the lowest the Fuegians. Nor does this view conflict with the general principle, that all these nations and tribes have had, as I have else- where expressed it, a common origin; inasmuch as by this term is only meant an indigenous relation to the country they inhabit, and that collective identity of physical traits, mental and moral endowments, language, &c, which characterize all the American races. The same remarks are appli- cable to all the other human races ; but in the present infant state of Ethnographic science, the designation of these primitive centres is a task of equal delicacy and difficulty. I may here observe, that whenever I have ventured an opinion on this question, it has been in favor of the doctrine of primeval diversities among men, — an original adaptation of the several races to those varied circumstances of climate and locality, which, while congenial to the one are destructive to the other ; and subsequent investigations have confirmed me in these views. See Crania Americana, p. 3; Crania JEgyptiaca, p. 37; Distinctive Characteristics of the Aboriginal Race of America, p. 36; Silliman's American Journal of Science and the Arts, 1847; and my Letter to J. R. Bartlett, Esq. in Vol. 2 of the Transactions of the

Ethnological Society of New York.

1

X INTRODUCTION.

small-brained people of the latter division (Hottentots, Bushmen and Australians) were proportionate in number to the Hindoos, Egyptians and Fellahs of the other group. Such a computation, were it practicable, would probably reduce the Caucasian average to about 87 cubic inches, and the Negro to "8 at most, perhaps even to 75, and thus confirmatively establish the difference of at least nine cubic inches between the mean of the two races.*

• From the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for September and October, 1849.

NOTE.

It will be observed that the numbers in this Catalogue pertain to the corresponding skulls of men and animals in the collection, without order or arrangement of any kind. Thus, where a hiatus occurs in the series of human crania, the missing numbers will be found with the skulls of the inferior animals at the end of the Catalogue. The plan here pursued is merely designed to preserve the identity of the specimens, and to furnish information to those persons who may examine the collection, which is deposited in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Philadelphia, November 1, 1849.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS

MAN.

1 Negro, born in the United States, aetat. 30. I. C. 83.

2 Negro, born in the United States, aetat. 50. F. A. 69°.

I. C. 83.

3 Chinese: man, aetat. 60. Born in the Province of Canton.

I. C. 89. Dr. J. K Mitchell. This man and three accomplices were executed for murder.

4 Bengalee child of twelve years. Dr. Burrough.

5 Bengalee child of six years. Dr. Burrough.

6 Bengalee: man, aetat. 40. F. A. 81°. I. C. 85. Dr. • Burrough.

7 Anglo-American female, aged nearly 100 years. I. C. 83.

8 Hindu of Bengal: woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 73. Dr.

Burrough.

9 Negro Idiot, aetat. 60. I. C. 70.

10 Anglo-American Boy: hydrocephalous, aged 8 years.

11 Ancient Chimuyan, from the ruined city near Truxillo, in

Peru. Woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 71. Dr. M. Burrough. See Crania Americana, plate 6 and page 112.

12 Native African boy. Dr. Ruschenberger.

13 Ancient Peruvian. Pachacamac. Man, aetat. 60. I. C. 83.

W. A. Foster, Esq.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

14 Anglo-American lunatic: woman, astat. 45. F. A. SO0.

I. C. 85. 1830.

15 Huron chief, aetat. 60, killed near Detroit in a rencontre

with another Indian. F. A. 73°. I. C. 75. See Crania Americana, plate 37.

16 Iroquois? Exhumed with many others near Lake Erie,

about 20 miles east of Niagara, A. D. 1824. F. A. 74°. I. C. 103. Mr. Thomas Fisher.

17 Mulatto lunatic. Died of religious mania, 1831. Man,

aetat. 22. I. C. 77.

18 Celtic Irish: from the Abbey of Buttevant, county of

Cork, Ireland. Woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 80°. I. C.78. See No. 52.

19 Bengalee child of five years. Dr. Joseph Carson.

20 Hindu of Bengal: man, aetat. 40. I. C. 78. Dr.

Burrough.

21 Celt: supposed to be a British soldier, killed at the battle

of Chippeway. jEtat. 40. I. C. 93. This skull is remarkable for the great size of the superciliary ridges ; that of the right side having a corresponding frontal sinus, that on the left being represented by solid bone upwards of half an inch in horizontal thickness. Dr. Mickle, 1831.

22 Young Choctaw female of Georgia. Dr. J. Hutch ins.

23 Guanche, from a cave in the Island of Palraa, one of the

Canaries. Man, setat. 40. F. A. 77°. I C 85 Dr J. C. Warren.

24 Anglo-American female, with the frontal suture. Fille-de-

joie, aged 26 years. F. A. 77°. I. C. 82

25 Hindu of Bengal: woman, aetat. 25 I. C. 74. Wm C bb

Hurry, Esq.

26 Quinnipiack (Mohegan) Indian. I. C. 80. East H

Connecticut. Mr. E. C. Herrick.

27 Massasauga Indian, of Peterboro', Upper Canada •

59:at.30. F. A. 76°. I. C. 80. Rev. S. Wood,' I837'.

28 Bengalee child of seven years. Dr. Burrough.

MAN. '

29 Bengalee child of five years. Dr. Burrough.

30 Ancient Peruvian from Pachacamac: woman, setat. 25.

I. C. 78. W. A. Foster, Esq.

31 Hindu of Bengal: woman, setat. 30, I. C. 67. Dr.

Burrough.

32 Hindu of Bengal: girl of 12 years. Dr. Burrough.

33 Oneida warrior, Iroquois confederacy. I. C. 95. Dr. B.

Tappan. Crania Americana, plate 36 and page 193.

34 Mexican Indian of the Tlahuica tribe: woman, setat. 40.

F. A. 76°. I. C. 81. W. Maclure, Esq. 1836. The following is a copy of Mr. Maclure's note to me : " The skull of an Indian from Acapancingo, eighteen leagues south of Mexico, and a league and a half from Cuernavaca, State of Mexico." See Clavigero's Hist, of Mexico, Cullen's Trans., Vol. I. p. 7 ; and Crania Americana, plate 18 A, and page 156.

35 Menominee Indian of Michigan : woman, set. 30. F. A. 72°.

I. C. 74. J. A Lapham, Esq.

36 Anglo-American Idiot: man, setat. 40. I. C. 81.

37 German: woman, setat. 30. I. C. 90.

38 Peruvian from the ancient cemetery at Pisco. W. H.

Foster, Esq.

39 Indian of the Euchee tribe of Florida: man, setat. 40.

F. A. 75°. I. C. 84? Dr. Z. Pitcher. Crania Americana, plate 27 and page 174.

40 Lenape or Delaware Indian: woman, setat. 40. F. A. 76°.

I. C. 82. Dr. Z. Pitcher. See Crania Americana, plate 32 and page 189.

41 Tagelos Malay, native of the Island of Luzon (Luconia)

in the Manilla Sea. Woman, setat. 30. I. C. 68. Dr. Burrough.

42 Celtic Irishman, aged 21, imprisoned for larceny, and in

all respects a vicious and refractory character. Died A. D. 1831. I C. 97.

43 Chetimaches Indian of Louisiana : man, set. 40. F. A. 77°.

I. C. 84. See No. 70. Dr. Le Beau.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

44 Menominee Indian of Michigan : woman, oet. 50. F.A.750.

I. C. 77. J. A. Lapham, Esq. of Milwaukee.

45 Anglo-American Lunatic, for several years confined in

the cells of the Philadelphia Hospital. I. C 91.

46 Javanese Malay: man, aetat. 40. I. C. 93. Dr. Mead.

47 Malay of the Island of Bally, coast of Java. F. A. 69°.

I. C. 82. Dr. Mead.

48 Embalmed head of an Egyptian girl eight years of age,

from the Theban catacombs. Egyptian form, with a single lock of long fine hair. Dissected by me before the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, December 10, 1833.

49 Hindu: man, aetat. 70. I. C. 90. Dr. Joseph Carson.

50 Cholo, or Hispano-Peruvian ? From the church vault at

Old Callao, into which were thrown the dead bodies of the Royalist garrison of San Filippo, A. D. 1825. Dr. H. S. Rennolds, U. S. Navy.

51 Hindu of Bengal : woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 77°. I. C. 70.

Dr. Joseph Carson.

52 Celtic Irish from the Abbey of Buttevant, county of Cork,

Ireland. Woman, aetat. 50. F. A. 80°. I. C. 82. Dr. Smith (Hist, of the county of Cork) says that these are the bones of the Irish slain at the battle of Knockinoss, A. D. 15—.

53 Indian from a mound at Circleville, Ohio. F. A. 76°.

I. C. 90. Dr. S. P. Hildreth. See Crania Americana, plate 51 and page 219.

54 Osage warrior of Arkansas, aetat. 30. F. A. 77°. I. C. 81.

Dr. Z. Pitcher. See Crania Americana, plate 41 and page 199.

55 Negro lunatic, aetat. 40. I. C. 89.

56 Chinese: man, ustat. 60. I. C. 91. Dr. T. F. Betton

1833.

57 Lunatic Irishman, (Celt) aetat. 40. F. A 79°. I. C. 82.

58 German lunatic: man, setat. TO. I. C. 87.

MAN.

59 Anglo-Saxon bead : skull of Pierce,* a convict and cannibal

who was executed in New South Wales, A. D. 18 — . F. A. 85°. I. C. 99.

60 Embalmed head of an Egyptian lady about 16 years of

age, brought from the Catacombs of El Gourna, near Thebes, by the late Anlonio Lebolo, of whose heirs I purchased it, together with the entire body: the latter I dissected before the Academy of Natural Sciences, on the 10th and 17th of December, 1833, in presence of eighty members and others. Egyptian form, with long, fine hair. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 6.

61 Cholo, or Hispano-Peruvian ? aetat. 50. I. C. 95. Dr.

H. S. Rennolds, U. S. Navy. See No 50.

62 Lunatic Englishman, aged 30 years. I. C. 92. 1833.

* A letter addressed to me by Wm. Cobb Hurry, Esq., of Calcutta, contains the following particulars of this man's singular career:

" With resard to the cannibal Pierce, all that is known of him is, that he was a native of Scotland, or the north of Ireland, and a sea- man. He was a convict in Van Dieman's land, and escaped with others into the woods. Hunger compelled them to prey upon each other, till only Pierce and another were left. A romantic tale might be made from Pierce's own narrative of the feelings with which these two men watched each other, till, overcome with fatigue, the last of the band fell a victim. Pierce was relieved by a party who fell in with him. and the cannibalism of which he had been guilty being attributed to necessity, was not punished. From that time his propensities -acquired their full developement. and he succeeded repeatedly in persuading his fellow prisoners to escape with him, for the sole purpose of killing them and devouring their flesh. He used to return secretly to the depot, and persuade a fresh victim that he had been sent by others who were waiting in the woods. He was at last caught; and being asked if he knew where one ot his com- panions was, deliberately pulled an arm out of his j.icket and showed it to the soldiers. Mr. Crockett, from whom I had this account, and who gave me the skull, is the Colonial Surgeon, and attended Pierce in the hospital both before and subsequently to his crimes. He stated to me his conviction that Pierce was insane, which, however, did not prevent him from being hanged."

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

63 Negro lunatic. Died in the Philadelphia Hospital, A. D.

1832, aaed 65 years. I. C. 84.

64 Mulatto lunatic: woman, aetat. 18. I. C 76. Died of

Cholera, A. D. 1832.

65 Skull of a child horn at the seventh month. Dr. Goddard.

66 Child six months old. Dr. Goddard.

67 Ancient Peruvian from Arica: man, aetat. 40. F. A. 73°.

I. C. 86. Dr. Ruschenberger. See Crania Americana, plate 4 and page 108.

68 Peruvian from a tumulus near Lima: man, setat. 40.

F. A. 74°. I. C. 90. Dr. H. S. Retinoids, U. S. Navy.

69 Negress, a^ed 80 years. I. C. 80.

70 Chetimaches Indian of Louisiana : woman, eetat. 50.

F. A 71°. I. C. 75. Dr. J. Le Beau. See Crania Americana, plate 19 and page 163.

71 Peruvian child from Santa. Dr. Waters Smith, U. S.

Navy.

72 Ancient Peruvian from Pisco : man, aetat. 50. I. C. 83.

W. A. Foster, Esq.

73 Peruvian from a mound near Santa: woman, aetat. 40.

F. A. 71°. I. C. 75. Dr. Waters Smith, U. S. Navy. See Crania Americana, plate 56 and page 225.

74 Negro: died of malignant polypus of the antrum. I. C. 76.

Dr. F. Turnpenny.

75 Peruvian from Pachacamac or the Temple of the Sun,

near Lima: woman, aetat. 60. F. A. 72°. I. C. 87. Dr. Ruscfyenberger. No one was permitted to be buried in this sanctuary but the families of priests, nobles and other persons of distinction. See Herrera, Hist. Lib. vi. Dec. 5, and Crania Americana, page 132.

76 Peruvian from Pachacamac. F. A. 73°. I. C. 62. Dr.

Ruschenberger.

77 Peruvian from Pachacamac: man, aetat. 50. F. A. 75°.

I. C. 76.

78 Indian of the Menominee tribe of Michigan: man, aetat. 40.

F. A. 78°. I. C. 88. J. A. Lapham, Esq.

MAN.

79 Peruvian from Santa : man, aetat. 30. F. A. 74°. I. C. 76.

Dr. Ruschenberger.

80 Skull of an Englishman named Samuel Gwillym, a convict

in Australia, whose history is thus briefly given by my friend Dr. C. Huffnagle, now of Calcutta: — " Transported to Van Dieman's land in 1820 for house- breaking ; was orderly on ship-board, but subsequently robbed his master, for which he was sent for two years to Maria Island: while there was flogged for combination, and also received 100 lashes for stealing articles from the wreck of the Apollo. Returning to Van Dieman's land he was fined twice for drunkenness; and was executed there on the 16th of March, 1837, for the murder of Mary Mills, a young woman whom he had previously violated." I. C. 91.

81 Peruvian from Santa: woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 76°.

I. C. 77.

82 Peruvian from Santa: woman, aetat. 60. F. A. 79°.

I. C. 76.

83 Hindu of Bengal : girl of 16. I. C. 67. Dr. James

Mease.

84 Peruvian from Pachacamac. I. C. 75. Wm. A. Foster,

Esq.

85 Peruvian from Pachacamac : man, aetat. 40. F. A. 80°.

I. C. 76. See Crania Americana, plate 11 B, and page 129.

86 Peruvian from Pachacamac : man, aetat. 40. F. A. 81°.

I. C. 88. See Crania Americana, plate 11 and page 127.

87 Peruvian from Pachacamac. F. A. 75°. I. C. 73. See

Crania Americana, plates 8 and 9 and page 125. Nos. 81, 82, 85, 86 and 87, from Dr. Ruschenberger.

88 Anglo-American child. Dr. F. Turnpenny.

89 Indian of the Gepepscot tribe from Maine : man, aetat. 50.

F. A. 76°. I. C. 80. Prof. Cleaveland. 2

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

90 Peruvian from Pachacamac : woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 75°.

I. C. 71.

91 Peruvian from Chorillos, near Lima: woman, aetat. 60.

F. A. 75°. I. C. 66.

92 Peruvian from Pachacamac: man, aetat. 60. I. C. 75.

93 Peruvian from Pachacamac: woman, aetat 40. F. A. 79°.

I. C. 79. Nos. 90, 91, 92, 93, from Dr. Ruschenberger.

94 Chinese: man, aetat. 50. I. C. 70. One of seventeen

pirates who attacked and took the French ship " Le Navigateur" in the China Sea. Dr. Ruschenberger.

95 Peruvian from Pachacamac: man, aetat. 60. F. A. 80°.

I. C. 91. Dr. Ruschenberger. See Crania Americana, plate 11 A, and page 127.

96 Peruvian from Pachacamac: woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 73°.

I. C. 80.

97 Peruvian from Pachacamac : man, aetat. 50. F. A. 75°.

I. C. 77. See Crania Americana, plate 11 D, and page 131.

98 Anglo-American? Remarkable for the fulness of the

occipital region, and obliquity of the foramen magnum.

99 Peruvian child of three years. Pachacamac.

100 Peruvian from Pachacamac: woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 70°. I. C. 67.

[Nos. 101 to 399, inclusive, pertain to Quadrupeds and Birds.]

400 Peruvian from Pachacamac: woman, aetat. 50. F. A. 76°.

I. C. 75.

401 Natick Indian of Nantucket. Dr. Paul Swift.

402 Peruvian from Pachacamac : woman, aetat. 50. F. A. 77°.

I. C. 78.

403 Peruvian from Pachacamac : woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 74°.

I. C. 77.

404 Peruvian from Pachacamac : child of five years.

MAN.

405 Peruvian from Pachacamac. F. A. 75°. I. C. 70.

406 Peruvian from Pachacamac: woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 76°.

I. C. 76. Nos, 402 to 406, inclusive, from Dr. Ruschenberger.

407 Miami Indian of Indiana. F. A. 75°. I. C. 87. Dr.

Tuley.

408 Choctaw and Negro? I. C. 79. Dr. Wilson, who dis-

sected this man, considered him a full-blood Choctaw; but the skull strongly indicates a mixture of the Negro.

409 Peruvian from Pachacamac : woman, aetat. 70. I. C. 82.

W. A. Foster, Esq.

410 Hindu: man, aetat. 50. I. C. 84. H. Piddington, Esq.,

of Calcutta.

411 Hindu: man, aetat. 40. I. C. 86. H. Piddington, Esq.,

of Calcutta.

412 Peruvian from a tumulus at Rimac, near Lima: woman,

aetat. 60. F. A. 74°. I. C. 79. Dr. H. S. Rennolds, U. S. N. See Crania Americana, plate 58 and page 227.

413 Hindu: man, aetat. 30. F. A. 83°. I. C. 79. Henry

Piddington, Esq., of Calcutta.

414 Peruvian, the os frontis flattened by art. From a tumulus

at Rimac, near Lima. F. A. 72°. I. C. 81. Dr. H. S. Rennolds, U. S. N. See Crania Americana, plate 57 and page 226.

415 Indian of the Ottigamie tribe, a half-breed, killed in a

quarrel at Quincy, Illinois, A. D. 1830. F. A. 76°. Dr. S. P. Hildreth.

416 Indian skull from a mound on the Upper Mississippi.

F. A. 79°. I. C. 84. Dr. S. P. Hildjeth. Crania Americana, plate 52 and page 220.

417 Chief of the Cayuga tribe of Indians, State of New York,

aetat. 70. F. A. 78°. I. C. 94. Dr. Z. Pitcher. See Crania Americana, plate 35 and page 192.

418 Manta Indian? A tribe of the Lenape or Delaware

nation. F. A. 79°. I. C. 75. Found in excavating

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

near the bank of the Delaware River in New Jersey, about four miles above Burlington. The body, with several others, was found buried in the sitting posture. Dr. Edward Swain.

419 Head at the full period of utero-gestation.

420 Indian from the cave at Steuben ville, Ohio: man, aetat. 40.

F. A. 80. I. C. 92. Dr. Robert M. S. Jackson. See No. 436, &c.

421 Male Native African of the Benguella tribe, aged about

forty years. I. C. 88. Dr. J. W. Russell, 1835.

422 Female Native African of the Mina tribe, aged about 30

years. I. C. 80. Dr. Russell.

423 Male Native African of the Mozambique tribe, aged

between 40 and 50 years. I. C. 85. Dr. Russell.

424 Malay of the Island of Madura, in the Indian Archi-

pelago : man, aetat. 30. I. C. 80.

425 Malay of Borneo: man, aetat. 40. I. C. 91.

426 Chinese of Canton: man, aetat. 40. I. C. 83.

427 Chinese, hanged for forgery at Batavia, in Java : man,

aetat. 30. F. A. 78°. I. C. 83.

428 Javanese of the District of Djogocarta: man, aetat. 20.

I. C. 88.

429 Malay of Makassar, in the Island of Celebes: man, aetat.

50. F. A. 82°. I. C. 97.

430 Malay of Amboyna : man, aetat. 30. F. A. 73°. I. C.

92.

431 Malay Idiot of Amboyna : man, aetat. 30. I. C. 74.

432 Hindu of Bengal : man, aetat. 25. I. C. 86.

433 Malay of the Island of Sambawa: man, aetat 30

I. C. 80. Nos. 424 to 433, inclusive, from Dr. Doornik.

434 A Dutchman of noble family, born in Utrecht, and for

several years a captain in the army at Batavia, in the Island of Java, where he died under thirty years of age. He was handsome, not deficient in talent, and of an amiable disposition, but devoted 'to conviviality and

MAN.

dissipation, which finally destroyed him. Dr. Doornik, late of Batavia, from whom I obtained this cranium, gave me the above facts from personal knowledge. F. A. 81°, I. C. 114.

435 Oceanic Negro from the Indian Archipelago : woman,

aetat. 40. I. C. 77. Dr. Doornik.

436 Skull from the Indian Cave-cemetery at Steubenville,

Ohio: man, aetat. 60. F. A. 77°. I. C. 92. Dr. McDowell.

437 Indian from the Cave at Steubenville, Ohio: man, aetat. 60.

F. A. 79°. I. C. 91. Dr. J. Andrews, of Steubenville. Crania Americana, plate 36 and page 235.

438 Indian from the Cave at Steubenville, Ohio: man, aetat. 50.

F. A. 80°. I. C. 85. Dr. J. Andrews.

439 Indian from the Cave at Steubenville, Ohio: woman,

aetat. 70. F. A. 78°. I. C. 78. Dr. J. Andrews.

440 Shawnee skull? Man, aetat. 50. I. C. 88. Dr. S. P.

Hildreth, of Marietta.

441 Creek warrior of Alabama. F. A. 74°. I. C. 91. Dr.

J. Pancoast.

442 Bengalee : woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 79°. I. C. 69.

443 Bengalee ; woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 84. Dr. Joseph

Carson.

444 Bengalee: man, aetat. 70. I. C. 81. Dr. Joseph

Carson.

445 Ancient Peruvian from Pisco. W. A. Foster, Esq.

446 Peruvian from Pachacamac. F. A. 80°. I. C. 75. Crania

Americana, plate 11 — c, and page 130.

447 Peruvian from near Callao: woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 74°.

I. C. 76.

448 Peruvian from near Callao : woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 74°.

I. C. 73.

449 Peruvian from Santa: man, aetat. 60. F. A. 77°.

I. C. 88.

450 Peruvian from Pachacamac: woman, aetat. 50. F.A. 75°.

I. C. 77.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

451 Peruvian: woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 78°. I. C. 87.

452 Peruvian from near Lima : man, aetat. 30. F. A. 69 .

I. C. 83. Nos. 446 to 452, inclusive, from Dr. Ruschenberger.

453 Peruvian child. Pachacamac. W. A. Foster, Esq.

454 Menominee Indian of Michigan. F. A. 79°. I. C. 88.

Dr. Saterlee, U. S. A. Crania Americana, plate 29 and page 179.

455 Indian of the Mingo tribe, Ohio. F. A. 77°. Dr. S. P.

Hildreth.

456 Seminole Indian of Florida. F. A. 81°. I. C. 93.

H. B. Croom, Esq. Crania Americana, plate 54 and page 169.

457 Chenouk Indian of Oregon : woman, aetat. 60. F. A. 73°.

I. C. 82. Natural form. Dr. John K. Mitchell.

458 Anglo-American female; an idiot from birth. Died

September, 1836, aetat. 70. I. C. 63. Dr. Henry S. Patterson.

459 Malay of Amboyna: man, setat. 30. I. C. 84. Dr.

Ruschenberger.

460 Malay of Malacca: man, aetat. 40. I. C. 77. Dr.

Ruschenberger.

461 Skull of a Clickitat Indian of Oregon, much flattened

by art. Man, aetat. 50. F. A. 70°. I. C 84. Dr. J. K. Townsend. Crania Americana, plate 48 and page 214.

462 Skull of a Chinouk chief of Oregon, greatly flattened by

art: aetat. 60. F. A. 72°. I. C. 72. Dr. J. K. Townsend. Crania Americana, plate 43 and page 208.*

[Nos. 463 to 494, inclusive, pertain to Birds and Reptiles.]

495 Malay of Ceylon ; Singalese : man, aetat. 20. I. C. 85. Dr. Ruschenberger.

* Dr. Townsend also brought me the cradle and other apparatus by means of which this singular distortion is produced. See Crania Americana, p. 208.

WAN.

496 Peruvian child of five years, from Arica : artificially

elongated. Crania Americana, plate 2.

497 Peruvian from the ancient cemetery at Pi«eo : woman,

aetat. 16. I. C. 62. William A. Foster, Esq.

498 Peruvian from Pisco : woman, aetat. 50. I. C. 63. Wm.

A. Foster, Esq.

499 Fellah, or Arab-Egyptian of Old Cairo : man, aetat. 60.

F. A. 80°. I. C. 94. G. R. Gliddon, Esq.

[Nos. 500 to 538, inclusive, pertain to Birds and Reptiles.]

539 Skull of James Moraii, an Englishman, who was executed

at Philadelphia for piracy and murder, May 19, 1837. .ffitat. 20. F. A. 79°. I. C. 92.

540 Pawnee Indian of the Platte River: woman, aetat. 30.

F. A. 75°. I. C. 75. See Crania Americana, plate 38.

541 Peruvian from Pachacamac : man, aetat. 55. I. C. 80.

W. A. Foster, Esq.

542 Miami chief, aetat. 45. F. A. 75°. I. C. 95. Dr. J. W.

Davies, Indiana. Crania Americana, plate 30 and page 182.

543 Malay : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 96.

544 Malay : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 91.

545 Javanese Malay : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 81.

546 Malay of Macassar: man, aetat. 50. I. C. 92.

547 Hindu of Bengal : woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 85.

548 Negro of St. Domingo, aetat. 30. I. C. 86.

549 Negress, aetat. 20. I. C. 83.

550 Chinese of Canton: woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 75.

551 Idiot: European, aetat. 30. I. C. 79.

552 Anglo-American : man, aetat. 30. I. C. 97.

The preceding ten skulls, forming part of the collection of the late Dr. Doornik, were presented to me by Dr. Jones, of New Orleans, through B. F. French, Esq.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

553 Hindu of Bengal : man, aetat. 30. I. C. 83. H. Pid-

dington, Esq.

554 Hindu of Bengal : woman, setat. 40. I. C. 75. H.

Piddington, Esq.

555 Mexican soldier, aetat. 40, with three cicatrized gunshot

wounds through the right parietal bone. Slain at the battle of San Jacinto, in Texas, A. D. 1836.

556 Mexican soldier, setat. 40, with cicatrized depression of

the frontal and nasal bones. Slain at the battle of San Jacinto.

557 Mexican soldier, setat. 50, slain at San Jacinto. A rifle

ball has entered the occipital bone and passed out of the left parietal.

558 Mexican soldier, aetat. 40, slain at San Jacinto. Skull

perforated by a ball. Nos. 555 to 558, inclusive, from J. J. Audubon, Esq.

559 Winnebago warrior. F. A. 79°. I. C. 92. Dr. P.

Gregg.

560 Winnebago warrior. F. A. 79°. I. C. 86. Dr. P.

Gregg.

561 Sauk Indian: woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 98. H. Cole,

Esq.

562 Peruvian from Pachacamac : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 79.

W. A. Foster, Esq.

563 Menominee Indian : woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 76°. I. C. 87.

J. A. Lapham, Esq.

564 Kanaka of Oahu: woman. I. C. 82.

565 Kanaka, or Sandwich Islander of Oahu. I. C. 83. !

566 Kanaka, or Sandwich Islander of Oahu: man.

These three skulls, Nos. 564, 565, 566, were presented to Dr. Ruschenberger by a chief of the Sandwich Islands, Dr. R. having solicited them for scientific purposes. Two of these skulls have the face-bones completely and somewhat skilfully separated from the head; which, so far as I can learn, was a customary

MAN.

usage in the performance of human sacrifices: and these remains were probably disinterred from that part of the Morai devoted in former years to this class of persons. Capt. Cook's head, when restored to his friends after his murder at Owyhee, had been divided precisely in this way, although but a very few days had elapsed. See Coolers Third Voyage, Volume 2, page 80.

567 Naumkeag Indian of Massachusetts: man, aetat. 40.

F. A. 80°. I. C. 75. Dr. A. L; Pearson. Crania Americana, plate 33 and page 187.

568 Peruvian of Pachacamac. W. A. Foster, Esq.

569 Peruvian child of eight years from Santa.

Nos. 564, 565, 566, 569, from Dr. Ruschenberger.

570 Peruvian of Pachacamac: woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 69.

W. A. Foster, Esq.

571 Peruvian from Pachacamac: woman, aetat. 35. I. C. 75.

W. A. Foster, Esq.

572 Kanaka of the Sandwich Islands: man, aetat. 40. F. A. 78°.

I. C. 84. Dr. J. K. Townsend.

573 Indian of the Kowalitsk tribe of Oregon : artificially com-

pressed. Man, aetat. 40. F. A. 66°. I. C. 79. Dr. J. K. Townsend. Crania Americana, plates 49 and 50, and page 215.

Kowalitsk, No. 573.

3

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

Kowalitsk, No. 573.

574 Indian of the Calapooyah tribe of Oregon: artificially compressed. Man, aetat. 50. F. A. 68°. I. C. 91. Dr. J. K. Townsend. Crania Americana, plate 47 and page 212.

Calapooyah, No. 574.

575 Clatsap Indian of Oregon : artificially compressed. Man, aetat 50. F. A. 70°. I. C. 82. Dr. J. K. Townsend. Crania Americana, plate 46 and page 211.

MAN.

Clatsap, No. 575.

576 Peruvian from a mound near Lima. I. C. 72. Dr.

H. S. Rennolds, U. S. N.

577 Indian of the Klatstoni tribe of Oregon : artificially com-

pressed. Man, aetat. 50. F. A. 70°. I. C. 75. Dr. J. K. Townsend. Crania Americana, plate 44 and page 210.

578 Chenouk slave of Oregon : head of the natural form.

Woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 76°. I. C. 75. Dr. Townsend. Crania Americana, plate 42 and page 207.

579 Athla-ficksa ; a Muskogee or Creek chief, aetat. 50.

F. A. 72°. I. C. 97. Dr. H. S. Rennolds, U. S. N. Crania Americana, plate 26 and page 170.

580 Native African of the Macua tribe: boy, aetat. 16.

F. A. 75°. I. C. 67. Dr. Lobe of Havana.

[Nos. 581 to 603, inclusive, pertain to the inferior animals.]

604 Seminole warrior of Florida, aetat. 50. F. A. 72°. I. C. 96.

Dr. G. Emerson. Crania Americana, plate 22 and page 166.

605 Dacota or Sioux Indian of Wisconsin: man, aetat. 20.

F. A. 77°. I. C 90. Dr. Poole. Crania Americana, plate 39 and page 198.

606 Shawnee? woman, of Ohio, aetat. 30. I. C. 70. Dr.

Hildreth.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

607 Huron? Indian, from Cleveland, Ohio: woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 76°. I. C. 82. Dr. Mendenhall.

[Nos. 608 to 629, inclusive, skulls of the inferior animals.]

630 Peruvian child from the ancient cemetery at Pisco.

Win. A. Foster, Esq.

631 Peruvian of Pachacamac : woman, aetat. 35. I. C. 68.

W. A. Foster, Esq.

632 Cherokee? woman, aetat. 20. F. A. 77°. I. C. 90.

"From a cave at Springtown, north of the river Hiwassee, and near an ancient battle-ground. The form of the cranium and the developments are strikingly characteristic of the mountain Cherokee of the present day."

633 Cherokee? girl of 14. F. A. 76°. Found with the pre-

ceding.

634 Cherokee: woman, aetat. 20. F. A. 74°. I. C. 84. "

635 Cherokee child, eight years of age.

Nos. 632 to 635, inclusive, from Dr. Martin, U. S. A.

636 Sambo: mixed race of Venezuela Indian and Negro:

man, aetat. 40. I. C. 81. Ex-President Vargas, of Caraccas.

637 Quichua Indian of Upper Peru : man, aetat. 40. F. A. 70°.

I. C. 82. Ex-President Vargas.

638 Skull of a Charib of Venezuela, flattened by art : found

in a terra cotta vase, with the os sacrum and some small bones. Man, aetat. 40? F. A. 70°. Ex-President Vargas, of Caraccas. Crania Americana, plate 64 and page 237.

639 Ottigamie or Fox Indian of Wisconsin: man, aetat. 50.

F.A.820. I.C. 92. Dr. B. B. Brown. Crania Americana, plate 31 and page 184.

640 Native African of the Dey tribe, Liberia. Dr. Skinner.

MAN.

641 Indian child of the Chinook tribe, about four years old:

much flattened by art. Dr. J. K. Townsend.

642 Peruvian from Pachacamac : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 73.

W. A. Foster, Esq.

643 Indian of the Mandan tribe: woman, aetat. 16. F. A. 77°.

I. C. 86. Dr. B. B. Brown.

644 Mandan Indian of Missouri: woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 74°.

I. C. 79. Dr. B. B. Brown.

645 Native African of the Grabbo tribe, near Liberia: man,

aetat. 30. F. A. 77°. I. C. 97.

646 Native African of the Bassa tribe of Liberia: woman,

aetat. 30. F. A. 80°. I. C. 77.

647 Native African of the Bassa tribe of Liberia: man, aetat.

30. I. C. 98.

648 Native African of the Bassa tribe, aetat. 50. I. C. 88.

I received this skull, together with the preceding three, from Dr. Robert McDowell, with the following memo- randum: " The skull of an African Gree-gree manr or doctor. For committing some crime he was tried by the ordeal of drinking red-wood wafer, and being found guilty, was c it in pieces, and thrown into the St. John's River, Grand Bassa, Africa, where his skull was found — a very good specimen of the Bassa tribe." A. D. 1835.

649 Indian of the Arickaree tribe of Upper Missouri : woman,

aetat. 40. F. A. 76°. I. C. 73. Dr. B. B. Brown.

650 Indian of the Minetari tribe of Missouri : woman, aet. 40.

F. A. 74°. I. C. 87.

651 Araucanian Indian (Arauco) of Chili : woman, aetat. 50.

F. A. 73°. I. C. 73.

652 Araucanian Indian : woman, aetat. 50. F. A. 74°. I. C. 75.

654 Indian of the Arauco nation of Chili: woman, aetat. 30.

F. A. 72°. I. C. 78. Crania Americana, plate 78 and page 241.

655 Indian of the Arauco nation: man, aetat. 30. F. A. 76°.

I. C. 86. Crania Americana, plates 76, 77, and page 241.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

656 Araucanian* woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 76°. I. C. 76.

657 Potawatomie Indian of Michigan : man, est. 50. F.A.800.

I. C. 103. Dr. Walker, U. S. A. Crania Americana, plate 34 and page 186.

658 Aboriginal American, from the cave near Steubenville,

Ohio. F. A. 79°. Dr. S. P. Hildreth.

659 Assinaboin Indian of Upper Missouri ; man, aetat. 50.

F. A. 79°. I. C. 101. Dr. B. B. Brown, of St. Louis.

660 Osage Indian of Upper Missouri ; woman, aetat. 30.

F. A. 80°. I. C. 84. Dr. B. B. Brown.

[Nos. 661 to 679, inclusive, pertain to Quadrupeds and Birds.]

* I received this and the four preceding skulls through the kindness of Dr. J. N. Casanova, of Valparaiso, who informed me that the three heads, Nos. 654, 655, 656, were taken from chiefs killed in an encounter with the Chilian army under General Bulnes, on the river Bio-Bio, in 1835. I took occasion, however, to intimate to Dr. Casanova my suspicions that these were not recent crania, inasmuch as they had yet adhering to them some shreds of a peculiar mummy-cloth common in the old cemeteries of Peru and Chili, at the same time that they bore unequivocal evidences of long inhumation. Dr. Casanova, however, could not suppose that he had been deceived by his agent, and I therefore published the circumstances as related by him, and on his authority, in my Crania Americana, page 243. I may add that, judging from the size and conformation of the skull No. 654, I inferred that it had belonged not to a chief, as was supposed by Dr. C, but to a woman.

Subsequent examinations have satisfied me that my suspicions were well founded; and I am further confirmed in this belief by comparing these crania with the plates of a series obtained by the Naturalists of the Astrolabe from an ancient cemetery on the Bio-Bio river, near its confluence with the Moticha in Chili. It is sufficient to add that both collections of skulls were evidently obtained from the same place; and although Dr. Casanova was misled as to particulars, the crania I received from him pertain to a veritable but ancient Araucanian tribe, and possess a great interest, both in regard to their sepulchral locality and their admirably developed charac- teristics. See Voyage de V Astrolabe : Anthropologic, par le Dr. Dumoutier planche 27.

MAN.

680 New Zealand chief: tattooed. Dr. Samuel McClellan.

681 Mexican Indian of the Pames tribe, from San Lorenzo,

near the capital: woman, setat. 50. F. A. 77°. I. C. 78. Crania Americana, plate 17 A, and page 154.

682 Mexican Indian: man, setat. 40. F. A. 80°. I. C. 91.

Crania Americana, plate 17 and page 153. In that work, Table 1, page 257, this skull is erroneously referred to No. 559.

683 Chippeway warrior of Upper Canada, setat. 50. F. A. 84°.

I. C. 97. H. R. Schoolcraft, Esq. Crania Americana, plate 28 and page 177.

684 Chippeway Indian: man, aetat. 30. F. A. 73°. I. C. 85.

Prof. Eaton.

685 Peruvian from Pachacamac: man, aetat. 35. I. C. 78.

W. A. Foster, Esq.

686 Peruvian from Pachacamac : man, setat. 40. I. C. 70.

W. A. Foster, Esq.

687 Peruvian from Pachacamac: man, aetat. 30. I. C. 71.

W. A. Foster, Esq.

688 Peruvian from Pachacamac: woman, setat. 50. I. C. 58.

W. A. Foster, Esq.

689 Mexican Indian, slain at the battle of San Jacinto, in

Texas, A. D. 1836. Man, setat. 30. I. C. 91. W. M. Blackford, Esq.

690 Mexican soldier, with a cicatrised sabre wound of [the

os frontis. Mixed Indian and Spaniard? setat. 30. Slain at San Jacinto, Texas. I. C. 81. J. J. Audubon, Esq.

691 Shawnee? Indian of Ohio: a remarkably inequilateral

skull. I. C 87. Mr. Russell Smith.

694 Ottigamie or Fox Indian of Illinois: man, setat. 80.

I. C. 95. Dr. P. Gregg.

695 Kanaka of Oahu: girl of 10 years. Dr. J. K. Town-

send.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

696 Peruvian from Pachacamac : woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 68.

W. A. Foster, Esq.

697 Ancient Peruvian from Pachacamac : man, aetat. 50.

F. A. 73°. I. C. 74. Dr. Ruschenberger.

698 Seminole warrior of Florida: man, aetat. 40. F. A. 73°.

I. C. 88. Col. J. J. Abert.

699 Ancient Peruvian from Pachacamac : woman, aetat. 40.

F. A. 74°. I. C. 76. Dr. Ruschenberger.

700 Cast of the head of an ancient Peruvian, from a tomb on

the Island of Titicaca, in Bolivia. Crania Americana, page 97, &c.

701 Cast of an ancient Peruvian skull, from a tomb on the

Island of Titicaca.

702 Cast of a skull found with the preceding.

703 Cast of a skull taken by Mr. Pentland from an ancient

tomb at Coracolla, latitude 17° 38' south.

704 Cast of a skull of the ancient Peruvian race, taken from

the tombs between Pomete and Chimgauge, by Mr. Pentland.

705 Cast of a skull taken by Mr. Pentland from a large tomb

in the Island of Titicaca. See Crania Americana, page 97, and Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, "Vol. 8. See also my Distinctive Characteristics of the Aboriginal Race of America, p. 7, 41, and M. D'Orbigny, L'Homme Americain, planche 2.

706 German? man, aetat. 30. F. A. 80. I. C. 94.

707 Seminole Indian : man, aetat. 30. F. A. 78°. I. C. 93.

Dr. E. H. Abadie, U. S. A. Crania Americana, plate 23 and page 168.

708 Seminole warrior of Florida: woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 73°.

I. C. 91. Dr. E. H. Abadie.

709 Skull of a foetus at the sixth month of utero-gestation.

710 Cast of an elongated Peruvian skull. Dr. O. S. Fowler.

711 Cast of another ancient Peruvian skull. Dr. O. S.

Fowler.

MAN.

712 Tiiugg of India, executed at Calcutta for murder : man,

aetat. 30. F. A. 80°. I. C. 90. Presented by Dr. Martin, of Calcutta, through W. A. Foster, Esq.

713 Thugg, executed with the preceding, and presented by

Dr. Martin through W. A. Foster, Esq. Woman, set. 30. F. A. 76°. I. C. 79.

714 Mexican Indian from an ancient cemetery at Otuinba :

man, aetat. 40. I. C. 90. Crania Americana, plate 61 and page 233.

715 Mexican Indian from Otumba: woman, aetat. 20. I. C. 77.

Crania Americana, plate 59 and page 231.

716 Mexican Indian from Otumba: woman, setat. 30. F. A.

77°. I. C. 81. Crania Americana, plate 60 and page 232.

717 Ancient Mexican from Tacuba: man, setat. 50. I. C. 80.

718 Ancient Mexican from Tacuba : man, setat. 40. I. C. 81.

719 Mexican Indian from near the city of Mexico. I. C. 92.

720 Ancient Mexican from Tacuba : woman, aetat. 60.

I. C. 84 ? The preceding seven skulls, 714 to 720, inclusive, were

transmitted to me by the late William Maclure, Esq. with

the following note : " Skulls obtained by Mr. Joseph Smith from the ancient

tombs of Tacuba and Otumba, for Dr. Morton, May 1,

1849."

721 Skull of a Chenouk Indian, flattened by art: man, aetat.

50. Columbia River. I. C. 88. W. Slakum, Esq., U. S. N.

722 Singularly formed skull from the battle-field of San

Jacinto, in Texas, A. D. 1836. I. C. 79. Dr. Tru- deau.

723 Aboriginal American, from the cave near Steuben ville,

Ohio : woman, setat. 40. I. C. 74. Dr. Hildreth.

724 Conical skull of a white woman, aetat. 40, of whose history

nothing is known. 1839. I. C. 81. 4

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

725 Cast of the skull of a Kamschatkan female. Dr. 0. S.

Fowler.

726 Seminole woman of rank, aetat. 40. Florida. I. C. 79.

727 Seminole boy of six years.

728 Seminole boy of Florida, aetat. 4.

729 Seminole girl of the Fuke-luste-Hadjo tribe. I. C. 70.

730 Seminole warrior, aetat. 40, killed at the battle of

Okee-Chobee, in Florida, December 25, 1837. I. C. 79. Nos. 726 to 730, inclusive, from Dr. E. A. Abadie, U. S. Army.

731 Parsee, or Persian fire-worshipper, from the " Tower of

Silence," Bombay, India : woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 75. G. R. Gliddon, Esq.

732 Seminole warrior, aetat. 40, killed at the battle of Okee-

Chobee, in Florida, December 25, 1837. I. C. 90. Dr. Abadie, U. S. A.

733 Micco-Sukie tribe of the Seminole nation : woman, aet. 30.

I. C. 73. Fort Bassinger, Florida. Dr. Abadie, U. S. Army.

734 Skull of an ancient Mexican, of the Azteck? nation;

exhumed near the Indian village of Guahapan, on the mountain Popocatapetl. Man, aetat. 40. I. C. 85. Dr. J. Macartney, of Mexico. 735' Azteck ? found with the preceding. Woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 76. Dr. Macartney.

736 Infant Indian skull from a mound in Wisconsin. Mr. J. J.

Libhart, of Columbia, Pennsylvania.

737 Potowatomie of Michigan : man, aetat. 70. I. C. 93. Col.

J. J. Abert.

738 Mandan Indian of the Upper Missouri: woman, aetat. 30.

I. C. 77.

739 Mandan Indian of the Upper Missouri: woman, aetat. 30.

I. C. 81.

740 Mandan Indian of the Upper Missouri : man, aetat. 40.

I. C. 91.

MAN. '

741 Mandan Indian of the Upper Missouri : man, aetat. 50.

I. C. 85.

742 Mandan Indian of the Upper Missouri: man, aetat. 50.

I. C. 86. Nos. 738 to 742, inclusive, from J. N. Nicollet, Esq.

743 Parsee, or Persian fire- worshipper, from the " Tower of

Silence," near Bombay: woman, aetat. 50. I. C. 89. G. R. Gliddon, Esq.

744 Cotonay or Black-foot Indian, of the Rocky mountains:

man, aetat. 40. I. C. 94.

745 Cotonay or Black-foot: woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 75.

746 Minetari or Gros-ventre of Missouri : woman, aetat. 30.

I. C. 82.

747 Minetari or Gros-ventre Indian of Missouri: woman,

aetat. 40. I. C. 83.

748 Arickaree Indian of Missouri ; woman, aetat. 50. I. C.

80.

749 Minetari or Gros-ventre of Missouri: man, aetat. 40.

I. C. 94. Nos. 744 to 749, inclusive, from Mr. J. N. Nicollet.

750 Peruvian from Pachacamac : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 69.

W. A. Foster, Esq.

751 Creek woman of Georgia, aetat. 30. I. C. 81. Dr. Joseph

Walker.

752 Peruvian from Pachacamac: woman, retat. 60. I. C. 67.

753 Phrenological organs marked on a plaster cast. Pre-

sented to me by Mr. George Combe, and is the same cast from which plate 72 of the ''Crania Americana" was drawn.

754 Seminole warrior of Florida, aetat. 40. I. C. 89.

755 Otoe warrior of the Upper Missouri, aetat. 50. I. C. 80.

756 Otoe warrior of the Upper Missouri, aetat. 60. I. C. 94.

757 Otoe warrior of the Upper Missouri, aetat. 50. I. C. 83.

758 Otoe child, eight months old.

Nos. 754 to 758, inclusive, from Dr. J. Walker, U. S. A.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

759 Copt, from a convent near Cairo, on the road to Aber-

sabel: woman, aetat. 20. F. A. 78°. I. C. 77. Crania iEgyptiaca, page 57. From G. R. Gliddon, Esq., late United States Consul for the City of Cairo, to whom I am indebted for the whole of the following series of ancient and modern Egyptian crania, excepting seventeen Theban heads, presented by M. Clot Bey through Mr. Gliddon, A. D. 1840.

760 Coptic child, a year old. Obtained with No. 759.

761 Copt of Lower Egypt: man, aetat. 40. F. A. 81°. I. C. 85.

Obtained with No. 759.

762 Saraska, or pure Circassian: man, aetat. 30. F. A. 75°.

I. C. 94.

763 Circassian woman, aetat. 50. F. A. 81°. I. C. 81.

764 Circassian man, aetat. 40. F. A. 78°. I. C. 90.

765 Circassian woman, aetat. 18. F. A. 80°. I. C. 79.

766 Fellah* or Arab-Egyptian of the Owlad-el-belled, or

better class, from Bab-el-Nasr, in Lower Egypt: woman, aetat. 70. I. C. 77.

767 Fellah: man, aetat. 70. F. A. 80°. I. C. 85.

768 Fellah: man, aetat. 70. I. C. 96.

769 Fellah: woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 81.

770 Fellah of the better class: man, aetat. 50. I. C. 83.

771 Fellah* of Lower Egypt : woman, aetat. 70. F. A. 75°.

I. C. 78.

772 Fellah of Lower Egypt: man, aetat. 30. F. A. 73°.

I. C. 74.

773 Fellah of Lower Egypt : woman, aetat. 20. F. A. 75°.

I. C. 76.

* The Fellahs, or Arab- Egyptian peasants, are the lineal descendants of the rural population of ancient Egypt.

Nos. 766 to 770, inclusive, were merely marked Arab, but they are all obviously Fellahs.

Nos. 771 to 773, inclusive, I refer to the same people, though sent me as Jewish crania.

MAN.

774 Fellah: village-chief, or u Sheik-el-belled," from Shubra,

aetat: 80. I. C. 88.

775 Fellah of Shubra : woman of 70. I. C. 75.

776 Fellah of Shubra, in Lower Egypt: woman, aetat. 20.

F. A. 79°. I. C. 74.

778 Fellah of Mattorieh, (Heliopolis,) in Lower Egypt :

woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 75°. I. C. 72.

779 Fellah of Mattorieh: woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 80°.

I. C. 86.

780 Baramka, or Barmecide Arab of Gemardash: man, aetat.

80. F. A. 76°. I. C. 86.

781 Baramka: man, aetat. 40. F. A. 88°. I. C. 84.

782 Fellah of Old Cairo: woman, setat. 40. F. A. 82°.

I. C. 66

783 Fellah of Old Cairo: woman, aetat. 70.

784 Bedouin of the Eastern Desert : man, aetat. 60. I. C. 98.

785 "Fellah: woman, aetat. 20. F. A. 79°. I. C. 73.

786 Skull sent me from Old Cairo, in Egypt, by Mr. Gliddon,

who knew nothing of its history. A eunuch ? aetat. 40. I. C. 77.

787 Modern Nubian ? Nation uncertain. From Old Cairo.

Woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 80.

788 Fellah of Old Cairo: woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 74°.

I. C. 74.

789 Armenian girl, aetat. 16. I. C. 86.

790 Armenian child of twelve years.

791 Armenian : man, aetat. 80. I. C. 83.

792 Armenian girl of fourteen years?

793 Armenian: man, aetat. 75. I. C. 80.

794 Armenian: man, aetat. 60. I. C. 80.

795 Skull exhumed from the front of the First or Northern

Brick Pyramid of Dashour, Memphite necropolis, by Mr. Perring, Civil Engineer. Blends the Coptic with the Egyptian form. F. A. 76°. I. C. 75. Crania JEgyptiaca, page 7.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

796 Egyptian form : found with the preceding. F. A. 75°.

I. C. 80. Crania .ZEgyptiaca, page 7.

797 Egyptian form ; woman, astat. 70. Found with the pre-

ceding. I. C. 76. Crania iEgyptiaca, page 7. See Vyse's Pyramids of Gizeh, Vol. 3, page 60.

Nos. 798 to 804 are ancient Egyptians from the necropolis of Memphis, north-west of the Pyramid of Five-Steps, viz:

798 Pelasgic* or Graeeo-Egyptian form. F. A. 80°. I. C. 84.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 3, fig. 6.

799 Pelasgic form : man, aetat. 35. F. A. 82°. I. C. 87.

Crania Egyptiaca, plate 3, fig. 4.

800 Negroid form : head of a child.

801 Pelasgic form : woman, aetat. 25.

802 Egyptian or Nilotic form: woman, setat. 50. I. C. 81.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 3, fig. 7.

803 Egyptian form : man, aetat. 50. F. A. 82°. I. C. 92.

Crania iEgyptiaea, plate 3, fig. 8.

804 Pelasgic form: girl, setat. 12. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 3,

fig. 3.

Nos. 805 to 816, ancient mummied Egyptians from various parts of the Necropolis of Memphis, viz :

805 Egyptian form: man, aetat. 50. F. A. 83°. I. C. 79.

Crania ^Egyptiaca, plate 2, fig. 7.

806 Egyptian form. F. A. 77°. I. C. 83. Crania iEgyptiaca,

plate 2, fig. 4.

* Under this name I embrace all those crania that conform to the highest Caucasian type. The Egyptian or Nilotic form includes the pure Egyptian race. The Negroid form expresses that mixture of the Egyptian and Negro in which the latter predominates. See Crania JEgyptiaca, passim.

MAN.

807 Semitic? form: man, aetat. 30. F. A. 74°. I. C. 88.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 2, fig. 8.

808 Pelasgic form. F. A. 77°. I. C. 97. Crania iEgyptiaca,

plate 2, fig. 1.

809 Egyptian form : woman. F. A. 78°. I. C. 81. Crania

iEgyptiaca, plate 3, fig. 2.

810 Egyptian form : woman, setat. 20. F. A. 78°. I. C. 86.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 2, fig. 6.

811 Egyptian form : woman, <etat. 25. F. A. 76°. I. C. 73.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 3, fig. 1.

812 Pelasgic form : woman, aetat. 20. F. A. 80°. I. C. 82.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 2, fig. 3.

813 Egyptian form: child, aetat. 8.

814 Pelasgic form: man, aetat. 90. I. C. 97. Crania iEgyptiaca,

plate 2, fig. 5.

815 Pelasgic form. F. A. 81°. I. C. 88. Crania iEgyptiaca,

plate 2, fig. 2.

816 Egyptian form. F. A. 78°. I. C. 92. Crania ^gyptiaca,

plate 3, fig. 5.

Nos. 870 to 820, four crania from Arabat-el-Matfoon, the ancient Abydos. " Found in a pit containing scarabaei and ornaments bearing the name of Ramses III., (Sesos- tris,) and the prenomen of Thotmes IV., (Mceris,) whence it is conjectured that they may have belonged to a period between 1822 and 1474 years before Christ. — Vide Rosellini's Chronology." G. R. G. S17 Pelasgic form. F. A. 80°. I. C. 89. Crania ^gyptiaca, plate 5, fig. 3.

818 Semitic form. F. A. 77°. I. C. 69. Crania ^Egyptiaca,

plate 5, fig. 4.

819 Egyptian form: man. F. A. 79°. I. C. 8-5. Crania

iEgyptiaca, plate 5, fig. 1.

820 Egyptian form : man, aetat. 40. F. A. 76°. I. C. 96.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 5, fig. 2.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

Nos. 821 to 824, mummies exhumed by Mr. Gliddon from tumuli at the island of Beggeh,the ancient Senem, a sacred spot close to Philse, in Nubia. " These may have been pilgrims to the Temple, and, as such, of any nation or of any epoch." G. R. G.

821 Pelasgic form. F. A. 79°. I. C. 74. Crania iEgyptiaca,

plate 12, fig. 6.

822 Egyptian form : child of 12 years.

823 Negress, setat. 60, with gray woolly hair. I. C. 73.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 12, fig. 7.

824 Infantile mummy.

825 Pelasgic form. Memphite necropolis. F. A. 81°. I. C. 93.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 3, fig. 9.

Nos. 826 to 829, " Kens, or ancient Nubians ? from the pits at Debod, the ancient Parembole, 30 miles south of Philae. Some writers maintain that there are no mummies in Nubia. Here is proof to the contrary." G. R. G.

826 Egyptian form. F. A. 77°. I.' C. 74. Crania iEgyptiaca,

plate 13.

827 Egyptian form: man, setat. 40. I. C. 82. Crania

iEgyptiaca, plale 12, fig. 9.

828 Egyptian form: juvenile head. F. A. 90°.

829 Egyptian form. F. A. 85°. I. C. 70. Crania iEgyptiaca,

plate 12, fig. 8.

Nos. 830 to 832, "Ancient Egyptians from the pits at Koum Ombos : probably inhabitants of the Ombite nome." G. R. G.

830 Egyptian form : woman, setat. 30. I. C. 77. Crania

JEgyptiaca, plate 12, fig. 3.

831 Egyptian form : woman, setat. 30. I. C. 68. Crania

iEgyptiaca, plate 12, fig. 4.

832 Egyptian form : woman, setat. 30. F. A. 81°. I. C. 68.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 12, fig. 5.

MAN.

Nos. 833 to 836 : " Ancient Egyptians from the Crocodile mummy-pits called Margaret-es-Samoun, behind the village of Maabdeh, and opposite to Manfaloot. I brought these from a meas ired distance of 438 feet under ground horizontally, averaging twenty feet below the surface." G. R. G.

833 Egyptian form: man, aetat. 35; long hair and a little

beard. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 4, fig. 1.

834 Negroid form : woman, aetat. 30 ; hair long and harsh.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 4, fig. 2.

835 Negroid form : woman of 30, with long, coarse hair.

F. A. 73°. I. C. 71. Crania JEgyptiaca, plate 4, fig. 3.

836 Egyptian form : woman of 30 years, with long, curling

hair. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 4, fig. 4.

The two following crania were found by Mr. Pering, Civil Engineer, in a gallery leading to the newly dis- covered chamber in the Pyramid of Five Steps, at Saccara. These are, perhaps, the most ancient human remains now extant. Mr. Pering is of opinion that they date with the erection of the Pyramid, and are therefore in all probability upwards of 4000 years old. See Vyse, Pyramids of Gizeh, Vol. III., p. 44.

837 Pelasgic form: man, aetat. 50. F. A. 83°. I. C. 97.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 1, fig. 2.

838 Pelasgic form: man, setat. 40. F. A. 81°. I. C. 90.

Crania JEgyptiaca, plate I, fig. 1.

839 Nubian form ? man, aetat. 50. F. A. 78°. I. C. 74.

Thebes. Crania jEgyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 3.

840 Pelasgic form: man. F. A. 79°. I. C. 89. Skull

obtained from a tumulus recently opened at the ancient quarries of Toora, (on the left bank of the Nile, seven miles above Cairo,) whence was taken the stone used in building the Pyramids of Gizeh, and other and much later structures in Egypt. The bodies were covered 5

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS. »>

with coarse matting, and enclosed in sarcophagi, and are doubtless the remains of quarrymen. Crania iEgyp- tiaca, plate 2, fig. 9. 841 Idiotic head from Thebes : man, with fine hair. F. A. 65°? Crania iEgyptiaca, page 16.

Idiot, No. 841.

842 Semitic form. Thebes : man, setat. 40, with smooth, brown

hair. I. C. 85. Crania ^Egyptiaca, plate 11, fig. 2.

843 Egyptian form : woman, with long, fine hair, aetat. 30.

I. C. 74. Thebes. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 4.

844 Egyptian form: woman, setat. 30, with long, fine hair.

I. C. 68. Thebes. Crania JEgyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 1.

845 Semitic? form: man, with fine hair. I. C. 92. Thebes.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 12, fig. 1, 2.

846 Egyptian form: youth of 18. Hair dark and fine. I. C. 87.

Thebes. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 11, fig. 1. The following crania, Nos. 847 to 861, inclusive, (fifteen in number,) are from the Catacombs of El Gourna, near Thebes. This valuable series was obligingly presented to me by M. Clot Bey, Chief of the Medical Staff of the Viceroy of Egypt.

847 Egyptian form; woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 76°. I. C. 68.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 7, fig. 5.

MAN.

848 Egyptian form: woman of 40. F. A. 80°. I. C. 82.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 7, fig. 4.

849 Egyptian form : man, aetat. 25. I. C. 81.

850 Pelasgic form : man, aetat. 70. I.C.86. Crania iEgyptiaca,

plate 6, fig. 4.

851 Egyptian form : woman, aetat. 35. F. A. 80°. I. C. 79.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 7, fig. 1.

852 Negroid Egyptian: man, aetat. 50. F. A. 75°. I. C. 77.

Crania iEgyptiaca, page 17.

853 Egyptian form: man, aetat. 50. I. C. 95. Crania

iEgyptiaca, page 17. ,

854 Egyptian form: girl of 16. Crania ^Egyptiaca, plate 7,

fig. 6.

855 Egyptian form : girl of 18, with very fine, long hair.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 9.

856 Pelasgic form. I. C. 87. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 9.

857 Egyptian blended with the Negro form ? Hair fine.

F. A. 77°. I. C. 83. Crania ^Egyptiaca, plate 7, fig. 3.

858 Negroid Egyptian : man, aetat. 60. F. A. 77°. I. C. 87.

Crania iEgyptiaca, page 17.

859 Pelasgic form: woman, aetat. 80. Hair long and fine.

I. C. 82. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 6, fig. 5.

860 Egyptian form : man, aetat. 50. F. A. 82°. I. C. 80.

Crania JEgyptiaca, plate 6, fig. 1.

861 Egyptian form: man, aetat. 50. F. A. 78°. I. C. 96. Crania

iEgyptiaca, plate 7, fig. 2.

The following twenty-eight heads, 862 to 889, inclusive, were obtained by Mr. Gliddon from the Theban Cata- combs.

862 Egyptian form: man, aetat. 60, with long, fine hair. I. C.79.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 3.

863 Head of an Idiot: man, aetat. 40. Crania iEgyptiaca,

page 16.

864 Negroid Egyptian : woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 75°. I. C. 77.

Crania iEgyptiaca, page 17

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

865 Semitic form: man, setat. 40. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 6,

fig. 2.

866 Egyptian form : woman, setat. 20, with long, fine hair.

Crania ^Egyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 5.

867 Egyptian form : man of 50, with fine, dark hair. F. A. 78°.

I. C. 86. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 8.

868 Pelasgic form: child.

869 Negroid Egyptian : man, setat. 50. F. A. 76°. I. C. 88.

Crania iEgyptiaca, page 17.

870 Semitic form : man, setat. 30, with fine hair, cut close.

I. C. 79. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 6, fig. 8.

871 Egyptian form : woman, setat. 20. Crania iEgyptiaca,

plate 8, fig. 4.

872 Egyptian form : woman, setat. 50, with long, fine hair.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 2.

873 Pelasgic? form : man of 80. I. C. 88.

874 Egyptian and Negro form ? child of ten years.

875 Pelasgic form : woman, setat. 70, with long, fine hair.

I. C. 73. Crania JEgypiiaca, plate 10, fig. 9.

876 Egyptian form : man, with fine hair. I. C. 83. Crania

iEgyptiaca, plate 6, fig. 9.

877 Egyptian form: man, setat. 40, with fine hair and a short

beard. I. C. 89. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 5.

878 Egyptian form : man, setat. 50, with long smooth hair.

I. C. 77. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 1.

879 Semitic form: man, setat. 50. Crania TEgyptiaca, plate 8,

fig. 2.

880 Egyptian form: woman? of 40, with short, fine hair.

F. A. 80°. I. C. 85. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 7.

881 Egyptian form : girl of 17. Resembles the Hindu type.

F. A. 80°. I. C. 71. Crania JEgyptiaca, plate 6, fig. 6.

882 Egyptian form: juvenile female head, with long, fine hair.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 7.

883 Egyptian form : man, setat. 40. F. A. 81°. I. C. 82.

Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 8, fig. 6.

MAN.

884 Pelasgic form : woman, setat. 30, with a profusion of long,

silky hair. Crania iEgyptiaca, plate 10, fig. 8.

885 Negroid form : woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 76°. I. C. 77.

Crania iEgyptiaca, page 17.

886 Egyptian form : man, setat. 50. I. C. 76.

887 Egyptian form : child of 12 years, with long, fine hair. Nubian form? man, aetat. 35. I. C. 85. Crania JEgyptiaca,

page 14.

Nubian? No. 888.

889 Egyptian form : man, setat. 50. I. C. 83. Crania iEgyp- tiaca, plate 6, fig. 7.

893 Pelasgic form : man of 60. Thebes. F. A. 81°. I. C. 85.

Crania .JEgyptiaca, plate 6, fig. 3.

894 Egyptian form : child of 9 years. Thebes.

895 Mohawk Indian : man, set. 50. Exhumed near Manheim,

New York. I. C. 89.

896 Mohawk Indian : woman, setat. 80. Obtained with the

preceding. I. C. 83.

897 Mohawk Indian : girl of 16. Found with the preceding.

I. C. 81. Nos. 895 to 897, inclusive, from L. Vanuxem and J. Beardsley, Esqs.

898 Native African.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

899 Anglo-American: man, aetat. 40. I. C. 91.

900 Negro, born in the United States, aetat. 60. I. C. 75.

The following series of 29 skulls of Native African Negroes, was received from Don Jose Rodriguez Cisneros, M. D., of Havana.

901 Native African.	F. A. 76°. I. C. 76
902 Native African,	aetat. 30.	F. A. 76°.	i.e.	86.
903 Native African.	F. A. 77°. I. C. 80
904 Native African,	aetat. 20.	F. A. 76°.	i.e.	79.
905 Native African,	setat. 30.	F. A. 75°.	I. C.	85.
906 Native African,	aetat. 12.	F. A. 79°.
907 Native African,	aetat. 14.
908 Native African,	aetat. 25.	F. A. 82°.	I. C.	99.
909 Native African,	aetat. 16.	F. A. 79°.	i.e.	89.
910 Native African,	aetat. 20.	F. A. 75°.	i.e.	78.
911 Native African,	aetat. 14.	F. A. 79°.
912 Native African,	aetat. 25.	F. A. 76°.	i.e.	87.
913 Native African,	aetat. 30.	F. A. 76°.	i.e.	92.
914 Native African,	aetat. 17.	F. A. 73°.	I. c	.78.
915 Native African,	aetat. 25.	F. A. 77°.	I. c.	88.
916 Native African,	aetat. 16.	F. A. 79°.	i.e.	80.
917 Native African,	aetat. 25.	F. A. 78°.	i.e.	73.
918 Native African,	aetat. 40.	F. A. 75°.	I. c.	87.
919 Native African,	aetat. 30.	F. A. 80°.	I. c.	96.
920 Native African,	aetat. 25.	F. A. 74°.	I. c.	72.
921 Native African,	aetat. 14.
922 Native African,	aetat. 14.	F. A. 74°.
923 Native African,	aetat. 20.	F. A. 81°.	i.e.	86.
924 Native African,	aetat. 16.	F. A. 73°-	i.e.	76.
925 Native African,	aetat. 30.	F. A. 81°.	i.e.	80.
926 Native African,	aetat. 14.
927 Native African,	aetat. 16.	F. A. 80°.	I. c.	90.
928 Native African,	aetat. 35.	F. A. 77°.	I. c.	88.
929 Native African,	aetat. 40.	F. A. 77°.	I. c.	83.

[Nos. 930 to 946, skulls of the inferior animals.]

MAN.

947 Peruvian child from Pachacamac, aBtat. 4. Mr. Foster.

948 Bengalee : man, aetat. 40. I. C. 76.5.

949 Arickaree Indian of the Upper Missouri: woman, set. 20,

with the frontal suture. I. C. 75. Mr. Nicollet.

Series of eight skulls, 950 to 957, of the Narraganset tribe of Indians, of Rhode Island : from Dr. Usher Parsons, of Providence, R. I. 1840.

950 Narraganset : woman, jetat. 70. F. A. 82°. I. C. S5.

951 Narraganset: man, setat. 40. F. A. 72°. I. C. 80.

952 Narraganset : woman, aetat. 80. I. C. 84.

953 Narraganset: woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 72°- I. C. 77.

954 Narraganset : woman, setat. 30. I. C. 77.

955 Narraganset: man, setat. 60. F. A. 75°. I. C. 78.

956 Narraganset: man, setat. 70. F. A. 74°. I. C. 90.

957 Narraganset: man, aetat. 25. F. A. 73°. I. C. 82.

Second series of crania of Native African tribes, Nos. 958 to 981, inclusive : from Don Jose Rodriguez Cisneros, M. D., of Havana.

958 Native African Negro, setat. 30. F. A. 79°. I. C. 89.

959 Native African, setat. 7.

960 Native African Negress, setat. 18. F. A. 76°. I. C. 82.

961 Native African: girl of 14 years. F. A. 82°.

962 Native African Negro, aetat. 18. F. A. 76°. I. C. 87.

963 Native African Negro, aetat. 30. F. A. 71°. I. C. 82.

964 Native African Negro, aetat. 40. F. A. 80°. I. C. 93.

965 Native African Negress, setat. 16. F. A. 77°. I. C. 72.

966 Native African Negress. F. A. 79°. I. C. 79.

967 Native African : girl of 18. I. C. 71.

968 Native African Negro, setat. 25. F. A. 73°. I. C. 87.

969 Native African : girl of 12 years. F. A. 74°.

970 Native African : girl of 16. F. A. 78°. I. C. 76.

971 Native African Negro, aetat. 25. F. A. 80°. I. C. 86.

972 Native African: boy of 15 years. F. A. 75°.

973 Native African Negro, aetat. 25. F. A. 79°. I. C. 93.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

974 Native African Negro. F. A. 72°. I. C. 85.

975 Native African Negro, aetat. 25. F. A. 81°. I. C. 99.

976 Native African Negro, aetat. 18. F. A. 80°. I. C. 82.

977 Native African, aetat. 16. F. A. 83°. I. C. 86.

978 Native African Negro, aetat. 20. F. A. 80°. I. C. 78.

979 Native African, aetat. 16. F. A. 73°. I. C. 77.

980 Native African, aetat. 14.

981 Native African Negro, aetat. 30. F. A. 75°. I. C. 97.

982 Mixed Negro and Indian ? I. C. 78.

983 Negro born in the United States. F. A. 76°. I. C. 84.

984 Negro born in the United States, aetat. 50. F. A. 79°.

I. C. 86.

985 Celtic Irish: man, aetat. 60. F. A. 77°. I. C. 93.

986 Anglo-Irish: girl, aetat. 12.

987 Chemesyan Indian, from the N. W. coast of America:

woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 78°. I. C. 93. Prof. Scouler, of Dublin.

988 Dutch Idiot, deaf and dumb : man, aetat. 30. I. C. 96 5.

Dr. W. B. Casey, of Middletown, Connecticut.

989 Indian warrior: Iroquois? aetat. 80. I. C. 89. Dr. W. B.

Casey.

990 Maya Indian of Yucatan: man, aet. 50. I.C.91. Chevallier

Friedrichthal, of Vienna.

991 English soldier ? from Bloody Pond, near Lake George

New York ; the scene of Montcalm's massacre of the English garrison, A. D. 1757. F. A, 82°. I. C. 105. Jacob Morris, Esq., of Philadelphia.

992 From a mound in Tennessee, at the junction of French-

Broad and Holston Rivers. I. C. 90. Dr. G. Troost. Crania Americana, plate 55.

993 Native African Negro, aetat. 30. F. A. 81°. I. C. 78.

994 Native African Negro, aetat 30. F. A. 76°. I. C. 76.

995 Araucanian woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 77.

996 Peruvian, from the ancient cemetery at Pisco : woman,

aetat. 60. I. C. 84. W. A. Foster, Esq.

997 Araucanian : man, aetat. 50. I. C. 77.

MAN.

The two preceding Araucanian skulls from the interior of Arauco, were received from Dr. Thomas Page, of Valparaiso, in Chili. 999 Fellah of Egypt: girl of 16. F. A. 78°. I. C. 72. G. R. Gliddon, Esq.

1000 Ancient Mexican. Otomie nation: man, aetat. 50.

From a mound near Ajacuba. F. A. 80°. I. C. 92.

1001 Ancient Mexican. Otomie nation : woman, aetat. 30.

From the same place. F. A. 75°. I. C. 67.

1002 Ancient Mexican. Otomie nation : woman, aetat. 40.

From a mound near the village of Doxey. F. A. 73°. I. C. 76.

1003 Ancient Mexican. Otomie nation: man, aetat. 18. From

a mound near the Sierra de Zumpanga. F. A. 70°. I. C. 76.

1004 Ancient Mexican. Tlascalan nation : man, eetat. 40.

From a mound in the suburbs of Tlascala. F. A. 75°. I. C. 84.

1005 Ancient Mexican. Chechemecan nation: woman, set. 30.

From a mound at Tezcuco. F. A. 75°. I. C. 83. The six preceding crania were obtained and (presented by Don J. Gomez de la Cortina, of the city of Mexico, through Mr. W. Augustus Twigg. See Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences for July, 1841.

1006 Ottawa chief of Michigan, aetat. 50. I. C. 85.

1007 Ottawa warrior, aetat. 75. I. C. 89.

1008 Ottawa woman, aetat. 60. I. C. 76.

1009 Ottawa boy, aetat. 14. I. C. 77.

The four preceding skulls were obtained in Michigan by Dr. George C. Leib, A. D. 1842.

[Nos. 1010 to 1038, inclusive, pertain to the inferior animals.]

1039 Sauk Indian. F. A. 80°. I. C. 83.5. Dr.;B. B. Brown,

of St. Louis.

6

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

1040 Narraganset Indian : woman, aetat. 70, with a singularly

elongated head. I. C. 72.

1041 Chayenne Indian of Missouri. F. A. 73°. I. C. 73.

Dr. B. B. Brown.

1042 Peruvian child of Pachacamac, aetat. 6.

1043 Pawnee Indian : woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 78°. I. C. 74.

Dr. Brown.

1044 Embalmed head of a Theban lady of 30 years. Mr.

Gliddon. This head, with its long oval cranium, receding forehead, gently aqualine nose, retracted chin, and long, fine hair, may serve as a type of the pure Egyptian stock; a people indigenous to the valley of the Nile ; Caucasian in physical lineaments and philological relations, and constituting one of the several primordial centres of that widely-extended race. See Crania iEgyptiaca, page 17, 37; and Transactions of the Ethnological Society of New York, Vol. 2, p. 219.

Embalmed female head from the catacombs of Thebes. No. 1014.

MAN.

1045 Ancient Peruvian head, artificially elongated: woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 68°. I. C. 77. From Arica. Dr. P. B. Goddard. See Crania Americana, plate 3.

104G Peruvian from an ancient cemetery at Guamay. I. C. 74. Dr. Paul Swift. 1843.

1047 Bengalee: woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 67. Dr. T. R.

Calhoun.

1048 Peruvian from the ancient cemetery at Pisco. Mr. Wm.

A. Foster. 1847.

1049 Fragments of an ancient Roman? head, from a tomb on

the road between Cumae and the ruins of Baiee, near the latter place, A. D. 1841. Dr. M. Burrough.

1050 Fragments of the skull and other parts of the skeleton of

a young aboriginal female, taken from an ancient tomb at Ticul, a ruined city near San Francisco, in Yucatan, A. D. 1842. From J. L. Stevens, Esq. Vide Incidents of Travel in Yucatan, Vol. I.

1055 Miami: woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 79°. I. C. 81.

1057 Miami: woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 77°. I. C. 84.

1058 Miami: child twelve years old.

The preceding three Miami skulls were obtained near Pendleton, Indiana, by Dr. Edwin Fussell.

1059 Peruvian child, aetat. 2, from Pachacamac. \V. A. Foster,

Esq.

1060 German of Tubingen : woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 70.

1061 Peruvian from Pisco: woman, aetat. 50. I. C. 66.

W. A. Foster, Esq.

1062 German of Frankfort-on-the-Main : woman, aetat. 40.

I. C. 93.

1063 German of Tubingen: man, aetat. 40. I. C. 86.

1064 German of Tubingen : woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 91.

1065 Prussian of Berlin: man, aetat. 30. I. C. 92.

1066 Prussian of Berlin: man, aetat. 40. I. C. 80.

For the preceding five skulls of the Germanic or Teutonic

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

%

race, together with Nos. 1187 to 1193, inclusive, I am indebted to Dr. George Engelmann, now of St. Louis, Missouri. 1067 Fragments of cranial and other bones of three human skeletons, obtained by Mr. B. M. Norman from mounds in Yucatan. Vide Rambles in Yucatan, page 217.

[Nos. 1068 to 1092, inclusive, skulls of the inferior animals.]

1093 Golah Negro warrior, aetat. 70. F. A. 77°. I. C. 85.

Liberia.

1094 Golah warrior, aetat. 40. F. A. 77°. I. C. 90.

1095 Pessah: man, aetat. 40. F. A. 80°. I. C. 90.

1096 Pessah: man, aetat. 30. F. A. 76°. I. C. 80.

1097 Pessah: man, aetat. 40. F. A. 77°. I. C. 83.

The five preceding skulls are of Negroes killed in the attack on Heddington, in Liberia, A. D. 1S40.

1098 Krooman, aetat. 40. F. A. 79°. I. C. 92.

1099 Krooman, aetat. 50. F. A. 73°. I. C. 95.

1100 Dey: man, aetat. 30. F. A. 79°. I. C. 89.

1101 Eboe: man, aetat. 40. F. A. 74°.

1102 Eboe: woman, aetat. 30. F. A. 75°. I. C. 71. The last two were hanged in Liberia for murder.

1103 Native African: woman, aetat. 25. F A. 75°. I. C.

65. The preceding eleven skulls of Native Africans were received A. D. 1842, from Dr. S. M. E. Goheen, for several years physician to the colony of Liberia in Western Africa.

1104 Peruvian child of 8 years, from Pachacamac. W. A.

Foster, Esq.

1105 Seminole: man, aetat. 40, F. A. 75°. I. C. 82. Dr.

F. M. Robinson, Augusta, Georgia.

MAN.

1106 Natchez Indian, moulded by art into a flattened cone. Mr. J. Tooley, Jr., of Natchez, 1840. See American Journal of Science, for July, 1846. For further information on this mode of moulding the head among the Natchez tribes, see Garulaso de la Vega, Hist, de la Florida, Lib. IV. cap. 13; and Crania Americana, page 160.

Natchez Indian, No. 1106.

1107 Hottentot: woman, aetat. 35. F. A. 75°. I. C. 68.

Mr. John Watson, of Cape Town, through Dr. Gavin Watson, 1845.

1108 Anglo-American: man. I. C. 95. Dr. C. H. Cameron.

[Nos. 1109 to 1185, inclusive, pertain to the inferior animals.]

1186 Malay of Borneo: man, aetat. 40. I. C. 89. Hanged

at Batavia for piracy, A. D. 1826. From Dr. Jones, of New Orleans.

1187 German, of Frankfort-on-the-Main: man, aetat. 50. I. C.

106.

1188 German of Tubingen: man, aetat. 30. I. C. 85.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

1189 German of ^Tubingen: man, aetat. 40. I. C. 78.

1190 German dwarf: female of Tubingen, 20 years of age

and three feet in height. I. C. 46.5.

1191 German of Frankfort: man, setat. 70. I. C. 95.

1192 Prussian of Berlin: woman, aetat. 25. I. C. 82.

1193 Prussian of Berlin: woman, setat. 20. I. C. 80.

The following sixteen ancient Egyptian crania were obtained from the tombs opened by Prof. Lepsius at the base of the great Pyramid of Ghizeh, and presented to me by Mr. Wm. A. Gliddon, A. D. 1846. See Pro- ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia, November, 1845.

1194 Egyptian form: woman, setat. 16. F. A. 85°. I. C. S3.

1195 Egyptian form: man, setat. 50. F. A. 78°. I. C. 88.

1196 Egyptian form, aetat. 30. F. A. 82°. I. C. 80.

1197 Egyptian form, setat. 25. F. A. 78°. I. C. 77.

1198 Egyptian form, aetat. 45. F. A. 82°. I. C. 93.

1199 Egyptian form: child of ten years. F. A. 91°.

1200 Egyptian form : man, setat. 30. F. A. 82°. I. C. 77.

1201 Egyptian form : child of 6 years.

1202 Egyptian form: woman, aetat. 40. F. A. 80°. I.C.80.

1203 Egyptian form, aarat. 60. F. A. 80°. I. C. 79.

1204 Egyptian form, setat. 50. F. A. 79°. I. C. 83.

1205 Egyptian form, aetat. 60. I. C. 91.

1206 Egyptian form : woman, setat. 25. F. A. 83°-

1207 Egyptian form: woman, aetat. 20. F. A. 86°. I. C. 76.

1208 Egyptian form : woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 86.

1209 Egyptian form : man, setat. 60. F. A. 79°. I. C. 83.

1210 Shawnee? Indian, of Ohio. Mr. M. S. Weaver.

1211 Cranium of a child two months old.

1212 Cranium of a child nine months old.

1213 Cranium of a child eight months old.

1214 Yamassee? Indian, of Florida: man, aetat. 50.

1215 Yamassee? Indian, of Florida: man, aetat. 60.

1216 Yamassee? Indian, of Florida: man, setat. 60. I. C. 70.

MAN.

The three preceding skulls were obtained from a mound near Tampa, in Florida, by Dr. R. S. Holmes, U. S. A., A. D. 1844. They appear to have lain in the earth upwards of a century. Two of them are perforated by musket balls, and of course date subsequent to European discovery.

1217 Indian of the Huron? tribe. I. C. 86.

1218 Huron Indian: woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 83.

These two skulls were taken from a mound near Detroit, by Lt. Meigs, U. S. A., A. D. 1844.

1219 Nanticoke? Indian, from the valley of Wyoming: woman,

aetat. 80. I. C. 84. Mr. W. S. Vaux. 1844.

1220 Menominee Indian of Michigan. I. C. 88. Mr. Lapham.

1221 Ancient Peruvian: man, aetat. 60. I. C. 82. From

the Huacas of Pisco. William A. Foster, Esq.

1222 Natonake, a Menominee chief, aetat. 40. I. C. 86.

Mr. J. P. Wetherill.

1223 Memphite head : Egyptian form. F. A. 82°. Found

with No. 1194, &c.

1224 Skull of a young native Congo Negro, remarkable for the

absence of the coronal, sagittal and lamdoidal sutures. Dr. David Gilbert. 1844.

1225 Peruvian of Pachacamac : man, setat. 50. I. C. 85.

1226 Ancient Mexican skull, from the cemetery of Santiago

de Tlatilolco, near the city of Mexico, in which many thousands of the natives were interred after the brave defence of their city against Cortes. I. C. 79.5. From his Excellency the Baron von Gerolt, A. D. 1845. See Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences for July, 1845.

1227 Cotonay (Blackfoot) chief, named the " Bloody Hand,"

aetat. 50. I. C. 88. Upper Missouri.

1228 Upsarooka or Crow Indian: man, aetat. 40. Upper

Missouri. I. C. 93.

1229 Upsarooka of the Upper Missouri: man, aetat. 40.

I. C. 95.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

1230 Assinaboin Indian of Missouri : woman, set. 20. I. C. 85.

1231 Assinaboin woman, aetat. 18. I. C. 85.

Nos. 1227 to 1231, inclusive, from J. J. Audubon, Esq., A. D. 1845.

1232 Peruvian of Pachacamac: woman, aetat. 80. I. C. 68.

1233 Miami Indian : woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 84. Rev. W. F.

Ferguson. 1845.

1234 Mulatto? man, aetat. 50, with an anchylosed fracture

and displacement of the left occipital condyle. Dr. Edward Hallowell.

1235 Ancient Egyptian: Egyptian form, with fine, silk-like

hair. Memphite necropolis. I. C. 82. Dr. Charles Pickering.

1236 Indian cranium, exhumed near Fort Chartres, Illinois,

by Dr. Wisiizenus. See American Journal of Science and Arts for May, 1846.

1237 Another Indian cranium from the same place, and from

the same gentleman : woman, aetat. 68. I. C. 81.

1238 Mummied head from Egypt. Negroid form ; hair long,

coarse and curling. Dr. C. Pickering. 1845.

1239 Mummied head from Egypt. Negroid form ? man, aetat.

50. I. C. 75. Dr. Charles Pickering. 1845.

1240 Mummied head from Egypt. Egyptian? form, with long,

fine hair. Dr. C. Pickering. 1845.

1241 Peruvian of Pachacamac: man, aetat. 60. I. C. 67.

1242 "Indian cranium from an ancient town called Chiuchiu,

or Atacama Baja, situated on the river Loa, at the eastern edge of the Desert of Atacama, eight leagues from Calamo, and 57 from the Pacific Ocean. Here are extensive remains of Indian houses, and a fortress built of mud, and loop-holed. The huaco or burial place is along a terrace of soft sandstone, and the bodies are buried tn the sitting posture." From Dr. John Houstoun, of Valparaiso, who obtained this and the following skull and presented them with the above memorandum:

MAN.

Indian cranium, No. 1242.

1243 Indian cranium, found with the preceding.

Both these heads are elongated upwards in the sugar-loaf form, by pressure applied both back and front. See Crania Americana, page 116; Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, for December, 1845, and American Journal of Science and Arts, for July, 1846.

For original sources of information on these singular arti- ficial modifications of the form of the cranium, see Cieza, Chronica del Peru, cap. XXVI. and Torquemada, Monarquia Indiana, T. II, p. 581. Fol. Madrid, 1723.

1244 Hottentot skull: woman, eetat. 40. I. C. 75. From

Mr. John Watson, of Cape Town, through Dr. Gavin Watson. 1845.

1245 Mozambique Negro ; man, aetat. 60. I. C. 80. Mr. John

Watson through Dr. G. Watson. 1845.

1246 Sac? Indian: man, aetat. 60. I. C. 88. From a cemetery

of the Sac and Fox tribe. Dr. Kite. 1845.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

1247 Swedish Peasant: woman, setat. 30. I. C. 85.

1248 Laplander: man, setat. 40. I. C. 94.

1249 Swedish woman of the 13th century, aetat. 60. I. C. 83.

1250 Cast of the skuil of a Lapland child two years of age.

1257 Cast of the skull of a Lapland woman.

1258 Cast of the skull of a Swedish child.

1259 Cast of the skull of a Finlander.

1260 Cast of a Norwegian skull.

The preceding eight skulls and casts were presented to me by Professor Retzius, of Stockholm, A. D. 1845.

1261 New Hollander, of a tribe near the Goulbourn settle-

ment: man, setat. 60. I. C 81.

1262 New Hollander, from a tribe of the Goulbourn settle-

ment, killed in an affray with the people of another tribe : woman, setat. 55. I. C. 75. The two preceding skulls were sent me by Charles Nicholson, M. D., of Sydney, in Australia, 1845. See Proceedings of the Academy of Nat jral Sciences, for December, 1845.

1263 Cranium of a Lenape or Delaware Indian: man, setat.

30. I. C. 80. Dug from an aboriginal cemetery at Richmond, on the Delaware River, about four miles north of Philadelphia, A. D. 1847. The atlas vertebra is anchylosed with the occipital bone. Mr. Isaac Morris.

1264 Lenape or Delaware Indian: woman, aetat. 50. I. C. 81.

One of those massacred by the whites at the settlement on White River, Indiana. Dr. E. Fussell.

1266 Embalmed head of the pure Egyptian form. I. C. 77.

1267 Embalmed head of the Egyptian form.

1268 Ancient Egyptian. Egyptian form: man, setat. 60.

I. C. 78.

MAN.

The preceding three heads were found in a tomb at the base of the Great Pyramid of Gizeh, and presented to me by Mr. Wm. A. Gliddon, A. D. 1847.

1269 Peruvian, from the ancient cemetery at Pisco: woman,

aetat. 60. I. C. 72. Wm. A. Foster, Esq 1847.

1270 Indian cranium, thrown out in making the fortifications

at Detroit, A. D. 184-1. Woman, aetat. 40. From Lt. Meigs, U. S. Army.

1271 Skull of an Indian obtained from a mound about three

miles from the moulh of Huron River, Ohio, by Mr. Charles W. Atwater : man, aetat, 60. See American Journal of Science, for July, 1846.

1272 Skull of a woman, aetat. 50. Found with the preceding.

The following highly interesting series of crania, ten in number, (1275 to 1284, inclusive,) was sent me by my friend William A. Foster, Esq., now of Lima, who obtained them from the celebrated Peruvian cemetery at Arica. "This cemetery," he observes, "lies on the face of a sand-hill, sloping towards the sea. The extent of surface occupied by these tombs, as far as we explored, I should say was five or six acres. In many of the tombs three or four bodies were found clustered together, always in the sifting posture, and wrapped in three or four thicknesses of cloth, and a mat thrown over all. Each one has about the person a pouch or bag, an ear or two of maize, fruit of some kind, and not unfrequently a drinking vessel." Lima, December 17, 1845.

See Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, for April, 1816; and American Journal of Science, for July, 1846.

1275 Cranium of a child, partially compressed and elongated.

1276 Cranium of a child about four years old: natural form.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

1277 Skull of a man, setat. 65, remarkably altered by art into the elongated, symmetrical form. I. C. 69. The annexed wood-cut shows the course of the bandages used in obtaining this singular modification of the cranium. The forehead was pressed downwards and backwards by a compress probably of folded cloth. To keep it in its place, a bandage was carried over it from the base of the occiput and thence across the forehead. To confine the lateral portions of the skull, and in order to produce the symmetrically elongated form, the same bandage was continued over the top of the head, immediately behind the coronal suture, pro- bably with an intervening compress; and the bandaging was repeated upon these parts until they were immov- ably confined in the desired position ; thus permitting the head to expand only in the posterior direction. See my Illustrated System of Human Anatomy, p. 90.

Peruvian skull, No. 127T.

1278 Skull of a man, set at. 50, of similar form to the preceding,

but in less degree. I. C. 85.

1279 Man, of the same configuration as 1277: setat. 40. I. C.

87.

1280 Peruvian, conformation same as the last: woman, a'-tat.

50. I. C. 70.

1281 Peruvian skull moulded in the same manner as the last:

woman, set at. 20.

MAN.

1282 Peruvian head, same form as the preceding: aetat. 50.

I. C. 87.

1283 Peruvian head, same form as the preceding: man, aetat.

65. I. C. 75.

1284 Peruvian, same form as the preceding, but wants the face.

1285 Cherokee, from a mound in South Carolina. I. C. 96.

Dr. Hardy, of Ashville, North Carolina,

1286 Seminole Indian, of Florida: woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 72.

James Couper, M. D. 1848.

1287 Indian skull from a mound at Chilicothe, Ohio. I. C. 90.

Dr. E. H. Davis and Mr. Squier. 1846.

1288 Indian cranium. Found with the preceding. Man of 60.

I. C. 86. Dr. E. H. Davis and Mr. E. G. Squier. 1846.

1289 Native of New Holland : man, aetat. 60. I. C. 65.

From J. W. Wilton, Esq., Gloucester, England. 1846.

1290 Ancient Egyptian, from a tomb at Thebes. Egyptian

form. I. C. 82.

1291 Embalmed head from Memphis. Egyptian form : girl of 14.

1292 Embalmed Egyptian from Maabdeh. Egyptian form:

woman, aetat. 40, with long, fine hair.

1293 Embalmed head from Thebes. Egyptian form: woman,

aetat. 40, with long, fine hair.

1294 Embalmed head from the Grottoes of Maabdeh. Negroid

form (mixed Negro and Egyptian) with short frizzled hair : man, aetat. 50.

1295 Embalmed head of an infant at birth. From Thebes. Nos. 1290 to 1295, inclusive, were presented by A. C.

Harris, Esq., of Alexandria, in Egypt, A. D. 1846.

1296 Cranium of an embalmed body taken by Mr. Fresnel,

A. D. 1839, from one of the hypogea called Maghair- Shudyb, or Grottoes of Jethro, in Midian, east of the Gulf of Akaba, in Arabia Petraea. M. Fresnel, through Mr. Gliddon.

1297 Cherokee: man, ictat. 50. I. C. 84. From South

Carolina. Dr. Hardy.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

1299 Cast in plaster of a bas-relief Semitic head brought by

M. Botta from the ruins of Khorsabad. G. R. Gliddon, Esq. 1846.

1300 Kanaka, or Native of the Sandwich Islands : man, eetat-

40. I. C. 82. Lt. I. G. Strain, U. S. N. 1846.

1306 Hovah? of Madagascar : man, aetat. 25. I. C. 82. Lt.

I. G. Strain, U. S. N.

1307 Hovah? of Madagascar: man, aetat. 40. I. C. 83. Lt.

I. G. Strain, U. S. N. These two skulls conform rather to the Hindu type.

1308 Head of a Kanaka or Sandwich Islander: woman?

Betat. 30. Dr. Gibbon.

1309 Hindu: man, aetat. 40. I. C. 84. Dr. James Mease.

1310 Hindu: woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 74. Dr. James Mease.

1311 Hindu: man, aetat. 50. I. C. 78. Dr. James Mease.

1312 Hindu: woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 73. Dr. James Mease.

1313 Pames Mexican : woman, aetat. 30. I. C. 81. From

the village of San Lorenzo, near the city of Mexico. W. S. Parrott, Esq.

1314 Ancient Mexican chief, exhumed, together with various

aboriginal arms and utensils, from the Cerro de Quesilas, near the city of Mexico, and brought from thence by the Hon. J. R. Poinsett, U. S. Minister to Mexico. F. A. 72°. I. C. 86. See Crania Americana, plate 14, and page 152.

1315 Skull of an aboriginal American, found in a cave at

Golconda, Illinois: woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 81. Dr. R. Harlan.

1316 Malay child: Island of Gee Foo. H. Piddington, Esq. The preceding nine skulls, 1308 to 1316, inclusive,

were received in exchange from the Academy of Natural Sciences, February 23, 1847.

1317 Head of an ancient Egyptian. Egpytian form: woman,

aetat. 50, from a tomb at the base of the Great Pyramid. Dr. Charles Huffnagle. 1848.

MAN.

1319 Skull of John Voorhees, a Mulatto porter, born in Chester

county, Pennsylvania, and died of consumption in the Blockley Hospital, November 5, 1846, aged 35 years. About an hour before his death, he called the nurse to him, and confessed as follows; That eighteen or twenty years before, having a hatred against another boy of his own color, two years younger than himself, he strangled and killed him. After committing the murder he became alarmed, and placed the dead body in a chair near the window, hoping to revive it. He then fled ; and not having been seen to enter the house was never suspected of the murder; and the boy, being found dead in the chair, was supposed to have died of apoplexy. I have these facts and the skull from my friend Dr. Adolphus L. Heerman.

1320 Negress of South Carolina, eclat 30. I. C. 73. Dr.

Hardy.

1321 Cast of the skull of a Negro, remarkable for the flatness

of the lateral or temporal regions, and for a grooved surface over the posterior part of the coronal suture, and deep depressions which supply the place of the parietal protuberances. Dr. J. Wyman, of Boston. See Nos. 444, 893, and 1290.

1322 Young Potawatomie warrior, who killed the Miami

chief Majinnik, on the Wabash River, A. D. 1841, for which he was himself slain by the Miamis: eetat. 20. I. C. 79. Dr. Edwin Fussell.

1323 The skull of Vicente Rivaz, an Otomie Cazique of the

pure Mexican race, born and died in the village of San Piedro Flaxcoapan, in the department of Tula, 20 leagues from the city of Mexico. He lived to be SO years of age, and was remarkable for his literary attainments and amiable disposition. Sent me by Senor Don Jose Gomez de la Catina, of the city of Mexico, A. D. 1848, through Dr. Henderson, U. S. A. I. C. 72.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

1324 Head of a New Zealand chief, embalmed according to

the custom of those Islanders.

1325 Head of a New Zealander, prepared in the same manner

as No. 1324.

1326 Peruvian from the ancient cemetery at Pisco : man,

aetat. 50. I. C. 75. Mr. W. A. Foster.

1327 Australian of Port St. Philip, New South Wales. This man, whose name was Durabub, was killed in a

fray after having himself killed two savages of a hostile tribe, A. D. 1841. His skull is the nearest approach to the Orang type that I have seen. iEtat. 40. I. C. 81.

Australian, No. 132r.

1328 Native Australian boy, about 16 years old, native of

Port St. Philip, at which place he was hanged for murder. I. C. 82.

1329 Hindu fanatic, from Juggernaut: woman, setat. 25.

I. C. 86.

1330 Sumboo-sing, a Hindu of the Brahmin caste, hanged at

Calcutta for murder, December, 1840. TEtat. 40. I. C. 91.

1331 Hindu fanatic from Juggernaut, A. D. 1839 : a beautiful

head. Man, aetat. 40. I. C. 87.

1332 Gunga-Govind : Hindu, eetat. 40. 1. C. 86.

MAN.

1333 Affghan boy, about 16 years of age, killed at Jugdalluk

during the memorable massacre of the 44th English regiment, A. D. 1845.

1334 Sepoy, or Hindu soldier, with cicatrised fracture and

depression of the right frontal, malar and superior maxillary bones. JEtat. 40. I. C. 86.

1335 Hindu from the hospital of Calcutta, with syphilitic

perforating ulcers of the cranium. Man, setat. 60. I. C. 81.

1336 Chinese, hanged at Singapore for piracy, A. D. 1845.

Man, setat. 40. I. C. 98. The face in this instance conforms in every respect to the Mangolian type, but the cranium is one of the most beautiful I have ever seen among any race or nation.

1337 Malayan, hanged at Singapore for piracy, A. D. 1845.

Man, setat. 40. I. C. 96. The preceding eleven skulls, Nos. 1327 to 1337, inclusive, were procured in Calcutta by my friend Dr. Charles Huffnagle, and by him presented to me, A. D. 1847.

1338 Malay of Amboyna ; Saparoua : man, setat. 30. I. C.

73.

1339 Malayan of Madura : man, setat. 30. I. C. 96.

1340 Malayan of Makassar : man, setat. 40. I. C. 77.

1341 Javanese Malay : man, setat. 35. I. C. 83.

1342 Malayo-Chinese of the Island of Java: man, setat. 30.

I. C 84.

1343 Tasmanian of Van Dieman's land? Negro of the Indian

Archipelago: Oceanic Negro, setat. 35. I. C. 76.

1344 Hindu of Bengal: man, setat. 30. I. C. 75.

The preceding seven crania, 1338 to 1344, inclusive, were brought from India by Dr. Mead, and presented to me on his behalf by Dr. John Watson, of New York, 1847.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

1345 Skull of a chief of the Lipan tribe of Indians, killed in a

skirmish with Col. Doniphan's legion, on the 5th of May, 1847, at Poyo, near Parsos, in New Mexico. Man, setat."40. I. C. 84. This skull was procured and presented by Dr. A. Wislizenus, of St. Louis, Missouri.

1346 Skull, supposed to be of an ancient tribe of Lipan

Indians, from the celebrated sepulchral cavern of Bolson de Massimi, between San Sebastian and San Lorezo, in the State of Durango, New Mexico. Man, aetat. 50. I. C. 99. Obtained and presented by Dr. A. Wislizenus, of St. Louis, Missouri, A. D. 1847.

1347 Head of a young Mexican sergeant, killed at the battle

of Buena Vista, in New Mexico, May, 1847. An example of natural desiccation. Dr. R. H. Holmes, U. S. A.

1348 Peruvian skull, artificially elongated upwards and back-

wards : man, aetat. 50. I. C. 66. Dr. Dickeson.

1349 Skull of a Chinouk child of six years old, flattened by

art. From Port Discovery, Straits of Fuca. Dr. Wm. Maxwell Wood, U. S. N. 1847.

1350 Entire desiccated body of a Chenouk infant aged about

two years. The head is greatly flattened by artificial processes. From Dr. Wm. Maxwell Wood, U. S. N. 1847.

1351 Skull of a Hottentot woman, aetat. 25. I. C. 83. Sent

me by Mr. John Watson, of Cape-Town, through Dr. Gavin Watson. 1848.

1352 Ancient Phenician?

I received this highly interesting relic from M. F. Fresnel, the distinguished French archaeologist and traveller, with the following memorandum, A. D. 1847:

" Crane provenant des caves sepulchrales de Ben- Djemma, dans Pile de Make. Ce crane parait avoir appartenu a un individu de la race qui, dans les temps

MAN.

les plus anciens, occupait la cote septentrionale de PAfrique, et les iles adjacentes."

1353 Cast of a singularly deformed Mexican skull. Prof.

Andreas Retzius, of Stockholm.

1354 Cast of the skull of a young Greek. Prof. Retzius.

1355 Cast of the skull of a young Burat-Mongol. Prof.

Retzius.

1356 Cast of the skull of one of the ancient Celtic race of

Ireland. Prof. Retzius.

1357 Cast of the skull of a Patagonian. Prof. Retzius.

1358 Kaffer skull : man, setat. 50. I. C. 80. From Mr. John

Watson, of Cape Town, through Dr. Gavin Watson.

1359 Cast of the head of a Puelche girl of Patagonia. Prof.

Retzius.

1360 Cast of a Caffer skull. Prof. Retzius.

1361 Cast of the skull of an Abyssinian woman. Prof.

Retzius.

1362 Cast of the skull of an ancient Cumbrian, from the Danish

Island of Moen. Prof. Retzius.

The following six crania were obtained at the ancient Peruvian cemetery at Arica, by my friend and former pupil Dr. S. J. Oakford, A. D. 1847.

1363 Peruvian skull from the cemetery at Arica : man, aetat.

70. Artificially elongated and symmetrical. I. C. 71.

1364 Female Peruvian cranium from Arica ; elongated by art.

JEtat. 60. I. C. 74.

1365 Elongated skull of a Peruvian : man, aetat. 50. I. C. 76.

From Arica.

1366 Peruvian, artificially elongated: man, aetat. 70. I. C. 101.

From Arica.

1367 Elongated Peruvian skull from Arica : man, aetat. 40.

I. C. 76.

1368 Peruvian female head, artificially elongated : aetat. 60.

I. C. 78. From Arica.

f

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

1369 Peruvian from the Huacas of Pisco: woman, setat. 80.

I. C. 71.

1370 Ancient Peruvian from Pisco: man, setat. 60. I. C. 80.

1371 Ancient Peruvian from Pisco : man, setat. 60. I. C. 77.

1372 Ancient Peruvian from Pisco: woman, setat. 40.

1373 Ancient Peruvian from Pisco: man, setat. 60. I. C. 77.

1374 Ancient Peruvian from Pisco ; forehead compressed :

man, aetat. 50. I. C. 74.

1375 Peruvian child of six years old. Pisco.

1376 Peruvian child eight years of age. Head elongated in

the upward direction. Pisco.

£Nos. 1377 to 1405, inclusive, skulls of inferior animals.]

1406 Peruvian from Pisco: man, aetat. 35. I. C. 72.

1407 Peruvian from Pisco: man, aetat. 60. I. C. 77.

1408 Peruvian from Pisco: man, aetat. 45. I. C. 81.

1409 Peruvian from Pisco: woman, aetat. 25. I. C. 70. 1.410 Peruvian from Pisco : man, setat. 40. I. C. 73.

1411 Peruvian from Pisco: man, setat. 50. I. C. 89.

1412 Peruvian from Pisco: man, setat. 70. I. C. 88.

1413 Peruvian from Pisco: man, setat. 60.

1414 Peruvian from Pisco.

1415 Peruvian from Pisco ; child of twelve years.

1416 Peruvian from Pisco: man, setat. 50. I. C. 73.

1417 Peruvian from Pisco: man, setat. 70.

1418 Peruvian from Pisco: woman, setat. 50. I. C. 64.

1419 Peruvian from Pisco: woman, setat. 25. I. C. 62.

1420 Peruvian from Pisco; conical form: man, aetat. 55.

I. C. 76.

1421 Peruvian from Pisco: man, aetat. 50. I. C. 81.

1422 Peruvian from Pisco : woman, setat. 80. I. C. 77. Atlas

anchylosed to the cranium. See also Nos. 1263 and 1456.

1423 Peruvian from Pisco: child of two years.

MAN.

1424 Peruvian from Pisco: man, setat. 70. I. C. 60. Skull

compressed, with frontal suture.

1425 Peruvian from Pisco : aelat. 40. I. C. 72. Much com-

pressed.

1426 Peruvian from Pisco : man, setat. 60. I. C 85. Conical

form.

1427 Peruvian from Pisco : man, astat. 70. I. C. 77. Conical

form.

1428 Peruvian from Pisco: man, setat. 40.

1429 Peruvian from Pisco: woman, setat. 70. I. C. 71.

1430 Peruvian from Pisco: a child of 8 years. Head com-

pressed.

1431 Peruvian from Pisco: boy, setat. 17. I. C. 66. Conical

form.

1432 Peruvian from Pisco: woman, setat. 35. I. C. 74.

Conical form.

1433 Peruvian from Pisco: child of seven years.

1434 Peruvian from Pisco : woman, setat. 40. I. C. 75.

Much compressed.

1435 Peruvian from Pisco : woman, setat. 60. I. C. 66.

Conical form.

1436 Peruvian from Pisco: man, setat. 50. I. C. 76. Strongly

resembles a Malay skull.

1437 Peruvian from Pisco : woman, setat. 70. I. C. 74.

1438 Peruvian from Pisco: woman, setat. 55. I. C. 72.

1439 Peruvian from Pisco: woman, setat. 50. I. C. 69.

1440 Peruvian from Pisco: man, setat. 60. I. C. 84.

1441 Peruvian from Pisco : child of 8 years. Conical form.

1442 Peruvian from Pisco: woman, setat. 35. I. C. 72.

1443 Peruvian from Pisco: man, setat. 50. I. C. 73,

1444 Peruvian from Pisco: woman, setat. 40. I. C. 66.

1445 Peruvian from Pisco: woman, setat. 80.

For the preceding series of Peruvian crania from Pisco, I am indebted to my friend Win. A. Foster, Esq.,

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

formerly of this city, and now resident of Lima, who accompanied them with the following memorandum:

" These skulls were all collected from the surface of three or four huacas (tumuli) within a short distance, perhaps a couple of miles of each other, having heen disturbed and left lying there by previous diggers; that is, by the common people of the country, who are full of notions about buried treasure. All the huacas I saw were evidently those of the poorer classes.

"The whole country around Pisco is covered with Indian remains. It is a rich valley, with a small stream running through it, and has every appearance of having been thickly populated and well and exten- sively cultivated."

1446 Indian of the Trucky? tribe, of the Shoshone nation:

man, setat. 40. I. C. 85. Obtained on the Trucky River, in the California mountains, by Capt. Fremont, A. D. 1845.

1447 Shoshone or Root-digger nation, from the mountains

of Salmon trout River. Woman, setat. 40. I. C. 75. Capt. Fremont.

1448 From the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada, and does

not pertain to any tribe of the Shoshones: man, setat. 60. I. C. 91. Capt. Fremont.

1449 Shoshone woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 72. Capt. Fremont,

through Mr. Edward M. Kern.

The following three native Australian skulls were pre- sented to me A. D. 1849, by Dr. Charles Nicholson, of Sydney, New South Wales.

1450 Australian woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 71.

1451 Native Australian man, from Mount Abrupt, in the

Australian Grampians. JEtat. 50. I. C. 83.

1452 Native Australian woman, aetat. 40. I. C. 63.

1453 Peruvian child, of nine years. Pachacamac.

MAN.

1455 Skull flattened by art: man, aetat. 50. I. C. 70. Taken

from a mound in Florida. From Dr. Isaac Hulse, U. S. N., from whom I also received the following memorandum, A. D. 1849: " This skull was exhumed from a mound, the apex of which is about thirty feet above the ground in its vicinity. The locality is Baldwin county, Alabama, near Bear Point, on the west side of the Bay of Per- dido, and about two or three miles north of the shore of the Gulf of Mexico. Near the apex of the mound there stood a live oak tree, supposed to be more than 100 years old. Near the foot of this live oak the party made their excavations, and a few feet below the surface they found the skull which I have had the happiness to place among your collection. The skull was covered with a hollow demi-sphere of pottery, composed of clay and shell, well burned. Upon the convex surface were sketched two whales, rather rudely, but sufficiently well to be recognizable."

For the following series of Peruvian skulls, 1456 to 1509, I am indebted to my friend Wm. A. Foster, Esq.

1456 Peruvian. Pachacamac :* man, aetat. 70. I. C. 79. The

atlas is anchylosed to the occiput.

1457 Peruvian. Pachacamac. Remarkable for the number

of ossa triquetra. Girl of 16. I. C. 69.

1458 Peruvian. Pachacamac: woman, aetat. 25. I. C. 67.

1459 Peruvian. Pachacamac: man, aetat. 60. I. C. 68.

1460 Peruvian. Pachacamac: woman, aetat. 40.

1461 Peruvian. Pachacamac : woman, aetat. 80. I. C. 64.

1462 Peruvian. Pachacamac: woman, aetat. 45. I. C. 75.

1463 Peruvian child of four years. Pachacamac.

* Pachacamac, or the Temple of the Sun, near Lima, in Peru. See No. 75.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

1464 Peruvian. Pachacamac: woman, setat. 60. I. C. 64.

1465 Peruvian. Pachacamac: woman, setat. 35. I. C. 66.

1466 Peruvian child of five years. Pachacamac.

1467 Peruvian child of four years. Remarkable for the fulness

of the occipital region. Pachacamac.

1468 Peruvian child of eight years. Pachacamac.

1469 Peruvian child of eight years. Pachacamac.

1470 Peruvian. Pachacamac: man, aetat. 50. I. C. 82.

1471 Peruvian. Pachacamac : woman. I. C. 72.

1472 Peruvian: man, aetat. 60. I. C. 77.

1473 Peruvian. Pachacamac; man, setat. 55. I. C. 83.

1474 Peruvian. Pachacamac : man, aetat. 50.

1475 Peruvian: man, setat, 60. I. C. 81. Pachacamac.

1476 Peruvian. Pachacamac: woman, aetat. 70.

1477 Peruvian. Pachacamac : woman, aetat. 60. I. C. 74.

1478 Peruvian. Pachacamac: man, aetat. 40. I. C. 83.

1479 Peruvian. Pachacamac.

1480 Peruvian: woman, setat. 16. I. C. 78. Pachacamac.

1481 Peruvian: man, aetat. 80. I. C. 81. Pachacamac.

1482 Peruvian: man, setat. 50. I. C. 82. Pachacamac.

1483 Peruvian. Pachacamac: man, aetat. 40.

1484 Peruvian from Pisco: man, setat. 50.

1485 Peruvian from Pisco: woman, aetat. 40.

1489 Peruvian: woman, aetat. 16. I. C. 77. Pachacamac.

1490 Peruvian: man, aetat. 80. I. C. 78. Pachacamac.

1491 Peruvian. Pachacamac: woman, aetat. 70. I. C. 77.

1492 Peruvian child of six years. Pachacamac.

1493 Peruvian child of twelve years. Pachacamac.

1494 Peruvian: woman, aetat. 16. I. C. 69. Pachacamac.

1495 Peruvian: man, cetat. 50. I. C. 73. Pachacamac.

1496 Peruvian from Pachacamac: man, aetat. 40. I. C. 75.

1497 Peruvian child of four years. Pachacamac.

1498 Peruvian. Pachacamac : woman, aetat. 40.

1499 Peruvian. Pachacamac: man, aetat. 45. I. C. 75.

1500 Peruvian. Pachacamac: woman, setat. 60. I. C. 69.

MAN.

1501 Peruvian. Pachacaraac: man, astat. 60. I. C. 74.

1502 Peruvian. Pachacamac : woman, astat. 30. I. C. 83.

1503 Peruvian. Pachacamac: woman, astat. 45. I. C. 70.

1504 Peruvian. Pachacaraac: man, astat. 70. I. C. 77.

1505 Peruvian. Pachacamac: woman, astat. 70.

1506 Peruvian. Pachacamac: man, astat. 40. I. C. 66.

1507 Peruvian. Pachacamac: woman, astat. 20. I. C. 75. 150S Peruvian. Pachacamac: woman, astat. 50. I. C. 72.

1509 Peruvian. Pachacamac: man, astat. 70. I. C. 76.

1510 Indian skull : man, astat. 50. I. C. 89. Taken from an

ancient mound in Illinois by Dr. Lippincott, of Chandler- ville, in that State, and presented to me through Dr. R. S. Holmes. 1849.

1511 Indian cranium, found with the preceding, and also

presented by Dr. Lippincott. Man, astat. 70. I. C. 80.

1512 Aboriginal American; a very remarkable head, found

by Dr. Davis and Mr. Squier in a mound in the Scioto

Valley, Ohio, and described and figured by them in

their " Ancient Mon iments of the Mississippi Valley,"

PI. XLVII. and XLVIII. This is, perhaps, the most

admirably-formed head of the American race hitherto

discovered. It possesses the national characteristics

in perfection, as seen in the elevated vertex, flattened

occiput, great interparietal diameter, ponderous bony

structure, salient nose, large jaws and broad face. It

is the perfect type of Indian conformation, to which

the skulls of all the tribes from Cape Horn to Canada

more or less approximate. Similar forms are common

in the Peruvian tombs, and have the occiput, as in

this instance, so flattened and vertical as to give the

idea of artificial compression ; yet this is only an

exaggeration of the natural form, caused by the pressure

of the cradle-board in common use among the American

nations. Dr. E. H. Davis and E. G. Squier, Esq.

9

INFERIOR ANIMALS.

MAMMALIA.

200 Sus scrofa. Wild hog of Senegal.

201 Delphinus delphis. Dolphin.

202 Felis coneolor. South Carolina.

203 Same ? Columbia River.

204 Felis canadensis. South Carolina.

205 Felis domesticus.

206 Simia . Ring-tail monkey.

207 Simia Sai ? South America.

208 Simia .

209 Didelphis americana. Opossum.

210 Geomys bursarius. Pouched rat.

211 Arvicola pennsylvanica

212 Manatus latirostris. Florida.

213 Fiber zibethicus. Muskrat.

214 Arctomys monax. Ground-hog.

215 Procyon lotor. Raccoon.

216 Lepus americanus. Rabbit.

217 Lepus cuniculus. English rabbit.

218 Memphitis americana. Skunk.

219 Mustela vison. Mink.

220 Sciurus striatus.

221 Pteromys volucella.

222 Sciurus hudsonius.

223 Sciurus carolinensis.

224 Cervus americanus.

225 Ovis aries. Domestic sheep.

226 Canis familiaris. Var. Bull dog.

227 Canis familiaris. Var. Setter bitch,

228 Canis familiaris. Var. Setter dog.

229 Canis fulvus. American red fox.

230 Canis aureus. Jackal. Bengal.

231 Canis latrans. Prairie wolf. Ark.

232 Canis cinereo-argenteus. Gray

fox. Arkansas.

233 Ursus americanus.

234 Didelphis americana.

235 Simia .

236 Simia Sai ? South America.

237 Delphinus delphis. Indian Ocean.

238 Ursus Americanus.

239 Didelphis cancrivora. Surinam.

240 Histrix insidiosa. Brazilian Por-

cupine.

241 Sus scrofa. Common hog.

242 Dicotyle torquatus. Mexico.

243 Arctomys ludovicianus. Prairie

marmot.

244 Mus musculus. Mouse.

245 Mus decumanus. Norway rat.

246 Tarsius spectrum. Manilla.

247 Myrmecophaga didactyla. Two-

toed ant-eater. Surinam.

218 Simia midas. Guiana.

219 Chloromysacuchi. Cavy. Surinam 250 Felis . Surinam.

277 Ursus americanus. Bear.

281 Meleslabradoria. Badger. Oreeon.

342 Canis lupus. Wolf. Ohio.

343 Sus babiroussa.

344 Felis chalybeata. Bengal.

345 Hyaena vulgaris. Bengal.

346 Lepus palustris ? South Carolina.

347 Mus rattus. Black rat. Penn.

348 Lutra braziliensis. Otter. S. C.

360 Manatus latirostris. Florida. 365 Manatus latirostris.

369 Canis familiaris. Var. Pointer.

370 Lepus . South Carolina.

371 Canis cinereo-argenteus. Var.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

372 Sciuruscarolinensis. S. Carolina.

373 Felis canadensis. Wild cat.

374 Delphinus delphis.

375 Canis cinereo-argenteus. Gray fox.

376 Simia Borneo.

377 Simia . Java.

378 Simia Java.

379 Bos taurus. Calf.

3S0 Dicotyle torquatus. Mexico.

381 Sciuruscarolinensis? Black Far.

New York.

382 Simia

384 Dysapus .Armadillo. Brazil.

385 Seiuruscapistratus. Fox squirrel.

386 Chloromys acuchi ? Cavy. Suri-

nam.

387 Didelphis . Surinam.

388 Dysapus . Armadillo. South

America.

389 Arvicola riparius. Marsh cam-

pagnole.

390 Scalops canadensis. Mole.

391 Equus caballus. Horse.

392 Felis tigris. Tiger. India.

393 Lepus cuniculus. Rabbit.

394 Simia . Burmese monkey.

335 Vespertilio novce-boracensis.

396 Mus leucopus. Pennsylvania.

397 Mustelaerminea. Weazel. Penn.

398 Sciurus niger.

399 Condylura cristata.

463 Castor fiber. Beaver. Oregon.

464 Sciurus minimus. Bachman. Ore-

gon.

465 Mustela subulata. Oregon.

466 Vespertilio -. Oregon.

467 Plecotws Townsendi. (Cooper.)

Oregon.

468 Tamias Townsendi. (Bachman.)

Oregon.

469 Mus leucopus ? Oregon.

470 Sciurus Douglasii. Bachman.

Oregon. 474 Ursus americanus. Oregon. n 472 Felis tigris. Java.

510 Troglodytes niger. Liberia.

511 Chloromys . Mexico.

512 Canis lupus. Wolf. Penn.

513 Lepus timidus. Hare.

514 Mustela . Near Philadelphia.

515 Cervus coronatus ? Californian

moose.

516 Neotoma Drummondi. Oregon.

528 Felis hudsonius. Oregon.

529 Felis concolor ? Oregon.

530 Meles labradoria. Oregon.

531 Canis .

532 Canis .

533 Cervus .

534 Cervus .

535 Canis .

536 Canis .

537 Lepus .

538 Lepus .

Wolf. Oregon. Wolf. Oregon. Oregon. Oregon. Oiegon. Fox of Chili. Oregon. Oregon.

583 Chloromys acuchi ? Mexico.

584 Simia . Western Africa.

585 Simia sylvana. Barbary ape.

586 Ovis aries. Ram.

587 Simia .

588 Vespertilio . A desiccated

bat, found in a Nubian skull.

589 Felis domesticus. Var.

590 Canis fulvus. American red fox.

617 Camelus dromedarius. Egyptian

camel.

618 Ovis aries. Common sheep.

619 Canis vulpes. English red fox.

620 Meles europcea. Badger.

621 Sciurus vulgaris.

622 Mustela vulgaris. European

weazel.

624 Lepus americanus. Var. Penn.

625 Felis rnfa? Lynx. S.Carolina.

626 Canis lupus. Ohio.

627 Troglodytes niger. Adult.

628 Dysapus . Brazil.

629 Ccelogenys . Brazil.

661 Vespertilio carolinensis.

662 Sorex Dekayi. Penn.

663 Canis familiaris. Var. Greyhound.

664 Rhinoceros indicus.

665 Bos taurus. Hornless domestic cow

666 Vespertilio novasboracensis.

667 Skull of a mummied "Apis." Bos

taurus. From Saccara.

668 Mummied sacred ram. (Ovis

aries.)

669 Same as No. 668.

670 Canis familiaris. Var. Embalmed

Egyptian dog. Saccara mummy- pits.

671 Antelope tao. Nubian Oryx.

Kordofan.

672 Mangusta ichneumon. A mum-

mied head from Koum Ombos.

673 Skull of an ancient Egyptian cat,

(Felis maniculata,) from a mum- my obtained at Koum Ombos.

INFERIOR ANIMALS — MAMMALIA.

674 Same as G73.

675 Same as preceding.

676 Same as preceding.

677 Viverra . Mummied skull

from El Gurna, near Thebes.

678 Putorius afrieanus. Mummied

head from Thebes.

679 Mummied Egyptian doe, (Canis

familiaris,) Var. From Abydos.

680 Skull of a dog-mummy from Sac-

cara.

930 931 932

933 934

935

93G

937

938 '..:;■! 940 911 912 943

911

945 916

Troglodytes satyrus. Sumatra. Cervus alces. Canadian moose. Sus liabyroussa.

Simia . Western Africa.

Mangusta ichneumon. New

Georgia, Western Africa. Scitirus cinereus. Cat squirrel.

Penn. Hippopotamus amphibius (capen-

sis.) Male. Southern Africa. Hippopotamus amphibius. Female,

Southern Africa. Cervus Aristotelis. India. Cervus Aristotelis. India. Manatus (Halicore) dngong. India, Ros babulus. Buffalo of Indostan. Catoblepas gnu. South Africa. Antilopes euchore? Springbock.

South Africa. Ciinis familiaris. Var. Mixed

breed of Shepherd's dog and St.

Bernard. Ovis aries. Ram. Cervus virjrinianus. Male.

10G8 Ursus americanus.

10G9 Canis familiaris. St. Bernard

breed. 1070 Castor fiber.

1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122

Cercopithecus . Liberia.

Cercopithecus — — . Liberia.

Simia . Liberia.

Simia . Liberia.

Antilope . Water-deer. do.

Antilope . Liberia.

Antilope . Gazelle. Liberia.

Capra hircus ? Goat. Liberia. Sus scrofa. Young. Liberia.

Sciurus . Liberia.

Cervus . Red deer. Liberia.

Troglodytes niger. Liberia. Elephas afrieanus. Hippopotamus liberiensis. (Mor

ton.)

1123 Same as preceding. Both from St. Paul's river, Western A'rica.

1127 Crocodilus vulgaris ? St. Paul's River, Western Africa.

1162 Pus babyroussa.

1163 Canis familiaris. Bulldog.

1164 Dicotyle torquatus. Peccary.

1 165 Skull of a double-headed calf.

1166 Cervus .

1167 Canis vulpes. European fox. 1108 Same as preceding.

1169 Canis . Arctic fox.

1170 Meles europaea. Badger of

Europe.

1171 Cervus virginianus.

1172 Ursus americanus.

1173 Felis canadensis.

1174 Arctomys monax.

1175 Canis fulvus.

1176 Procyon lotor.

1177 Procyon lotor.

1178 Felis domesticus.

1179 Mustek martes.

1180 Mustela martes.

1181 Mustela vison.

1182 Mustela erminea?

1183 Meles europapa.

1184 Cervus virginianus.

1185 Moschus javanus. Musk deer of

Java.

1251 Ursus americanus.

1252 Sus scrofa.

1253 Canis jackal. Esrypt.

1254 Canis latrans. Prairie wolf.

1255 Canis lupus. Ohio.

1256 Capra hircus? Mountain goat of

Cape Venl.

1377

1378 1379

1380

1381

1382

1383

1381

13S5

Uisus arclos. Brown bear of Europe.

Phoca vitulina. Sweden.

Ovis monfana. Rocky moun- tains. Male.

Ovis montana. Rocky moun- tains. Female.

Canis lupus I White wolf of the Rocky mountains.

Cervus macrotis. Black tailed deer. Rocky mountains.

Mi inatus americanus. River Amazon.

Troglodytes . OrangOutanu

Adult. Borneo.

Orang. Young of former species.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

1386 Orang. Young. Same as 1384.

1389 Canis familiaris. Bloodhound. 1310 Canis familiaris. Foxhound. India.

1391 Canis aureus. Jackal of India.

1392 Sus scrofa ? Wild boar of India.

1393 Cervus . India.

1394 Simia . India.

1395 Cervus . India.

139C Simia . India.

1397 Cervus . Antelope. Male.

New Mexico.

1398 Same as 1397. Female.

1400 Fterogale penicillata. Rock kangaroo. New Holland.

1484 Felis tigris. India.

1485 Felis tigris. India.

1486 Felis tigris. India.

1487 Felis tigris. India.

1488 Felis . India.

Nos. 463 to 471, and 515 to 538, inclusive, were received from Dr. J. K. Townsend; Nos. 667 to 680, inclusive, from G. R. Gliddon, Esq.; Nos. 1109 to 1123, inclusive, from Dr. Goheen; Nos. 1379 to 1381, inclusive, from Mr. Culbertson; and 1389 to 1398, and 1484 to 1488, inclusive, from Dr. Huff- na°rle.

AVES.

101 Fringillapusilla. Field sparrow.

102 Muscicapa tyrannus. King-bird.

103 Larus . Gull.

104 Loxia cardinalis. Red bird.

105 Turdus migratorius. Robin.

106 Turdus melodus. Wood robin.

107 Fringilla pennsylvanica.

108 Alcedo alcyon. King-fisher.

109 Caprimulgus vociferus. Whipper-

will.

110 Caprimulgus americanus. Night-

hawk.

111 Picus auratus. Golden wood-

pecker.

112 Sylvia petechia. Red-poll war-

bler.

113 Corvus cristatus. Blue jay.

114 Sternus ludovicianus. Meadow-

lark.

115 Hirundo rufa. American barn-

swallow.

116 Fringilla canaria. Canary bird.

117 Coccyzus americanus. Cuckoo.

118 Fringilla canadensis. Tree spar-

row.

119 Perdix virginianus. Partridge.

120 Strix asio. Mouse-owl. Soufh

Carolina.

121 Rallus virginianus

122 Vireo flavifrons.

123 Icterus barytus.

bird.

124 Xanthornus phceniceus.

125 Turdus polyglottus. Mocking-

bird. .

126 Totanus bartiamms. Sand-piper

127 Picus erythrocephalus. Wood-

pecker.

. Rail. Crow black-

128 Troglodytes palustris. Marsh-

wren.

129 Sterna minuta. Lesser tern.

130 Sitta carolinensis. Nuthatch.

132 Columba carolinensis. Turtle

dove.

133 Fuligula albeola. Buffle-headed

duck.

134 Fulica americana. Bald-coot.

135 Rallus crepitans. Clapper rail.

136 Fringilla hyemalis. Snow-bird.

137 Totanus macularius. Sand-piper;

138 Rusticola minor. Woodcock.

139 Ardea virescens. Green heron.

140 Corvus corone. American crow.

141 Ardea nycticorax. Night heron.

142 Strix nyctea. Snow owl.

1 1'! Numenius longirostris. Curlew. 144 Ibis alba. White ibis. Florida. 115 Ardea americana. Bittern.

146 Mormon glacialis ? Puffin. Eng-

land.

147 Rhyncops niger. Shear-water.

148 Tantalus loculator. Wood ibis.

149 Pelicanus onocrotalus. White

Pelican.

150 Phcenicopteris ruber. Flamingo.

151 Phalacocorax carbo. Cormorant.

152 Ciconiaargala. Adjutant. Bengal.

153 Vultur aura. Turkey-buzzard.

154 Fuligula marila. Blue-bill.

155 Anser bernicla. Brant.

156 Fuligula glacialis. Long-tailed

duck.

157 Anas obscura. Dusky duck.

158 Strix asio. Red owl.

159 Strix nebulosa. Barred owl.

160 Falco borealis. Red-tailed hawk.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

161 Phasianus gallus. Common fowl.

162 Fringilla hyemalis. Snow-bird.

163 Icterus spurius. Orchard oriole.

164 Columba migratoria. Wild

pigeon.

165 Corvus ossifragus. Sea crow.

166 Sylvia caerulea. Blue-gray fly-

catcher.

167 Saxicola sialis. Bine-bird.

168 Psittacus .

169 Fringilla pennsylvanica. Sparrow.

170 Muscicapa fusca. Pe-wee.

171 Trochilus colubris. Humming-

bird.

172 Icterus baltimore. Baltimore

oriole.

173 Parus bicolor. Crested titmouse. 1"'4 Sylvia varia. Black and white

creeper.

175 Fringilla melodia. Song sparrow.

176 Picus pubescens. Downy wood-

pecker.

177 Fringilla iliaca. Fox colored sparrow.

178 Fringilla palustris. Swamp spar-

row.

179 Sylvia coronata. Yellow-rump

warbler.

180 Fringilla tristris. Goldfinch.

181 Turdus rufus. Brown thrush.

182 Certhiafamiliaris. Browncreeper

183 Bombycilla carolinensis. Cedar

bird.

184 Mergus meganser. Sheldrake.

185 Anas americana. Widgeon.

186 Numidia meleagris. Guinea fowl.

187 Troglodytes hyemalis. Winter

wren.

188 Fringilla pinus. Pine finch.

189 Fuligula clangula. Golden eye.

190 Anser canadensis. Canada goose.

191 Fuligula valisneria. Canvass

back.

192 Fuligula ferina. Red head.

193 Fringilla purpurea. Purple finch.

194 Fuligula rufitorques. Tufted

duck.

195 Tetrao umbellus. Ruffled grouse.

196 Anas boschas. Wild mallard.

197 Strix acadica. Little owl.

198 Strix nebulosa. Barred owl.

199 Meleagris gallipavo. Domestic

turkey.

297 Muscicapa virens. Wood pe-wee.

298 Sylvia rubricapilla. Nashville

warbler.

299 Icterus pecorus. Cow bunting.

300 Ramphastos chlororynchus. Tou-

can.

301 Anas boschas. Common duck.

Var.

302 Loxia curvirostra. Cross-bill.

303 Diomedea exulans. Albatross.

304 Anas sponsa. Summer duck.

305 Fuligula rubida. Ruddy duck.

306 Larus argentatus. Herring gull. :;07 Anas clypeata. Shoveller.

308 Fuligula perspicillata. Surf duck.

309 Scolopax grisea. Red-breasted

snipe.

310 Falcosparverius. Sparrow-hawk.

311 Fringilla linaria. Lesser red-

poll.

312 Fringilla cyanea. Indigo-bird.

313 Alauda alpestris. Shore lark.

314 Tanagra rubra. Scarlet tanager

315 Tringa arenaria. Sanderling.

316 Lanius borealis. Northern shrike.

317 Charadrius melodus. Piping

plover.

318 Sylvia pinus. Pine creeper.

319 Totanus flavipes. Yellow shank

snipe.

320 Totanus solitarius. Solitary sand- piper.

321 Fringilla erythrophthalma. Che-

wink.

322 Sylvia aurocapilla. Thrush.

323 Fringilla graminea. Baywinged

bunting.

324 Falco lagopus. Rough-legged

falcon.

325 Strix bracnyotus ? Pennsylvania.

326 Ardea . Great white crane.

327 Vireo olivaceus. Red-eyed fly-

catcher.

328 Ardea . South Carolina.

329 Psittacus . Chili.

330 Psittacus sosova. Green perro-

quet.

331 Columba minuta. Lesser dove.

Brazil.

332 Strix nyctea. Snow owl.

333 Ardea herodias.

334 Plaster model of the Dodo, —

(Didus im/itus,) — the sole re- maining relic of this species, now preserved in the Ashmolean Museum, at Oxford, England. G. Mantell, M. D., of London.

335 Diomedea fuliginosa. Albatross.

336 Platalea ajaja. Spoonbill.

337 Ramphastos sulphuratus. Toucan.

INFERIOR ANIMALS AVES.

338 Tetrao urophasianus.* Columbia

River.

339 Grus canadensis. Columbia river. J40 Cygnus americanus. Columbia

river. 341 Tetrao obscurus. Columbia river.

473 Calaptes mexicanus. Columbia

river.

474 Tanagra ludoviciana. Columbia

river.

475 Scolopax Wilsonii. Columbia

river.

476 Falco columbarius ? Columbia

river.

477 Garrulusultramarinus. Columbia

river.

478 PhalacocoraxTownsendi. Oregon.

479 Columba fasciata. Oregon.

480 Picus torquatus. Oregon.

481 Fringilla arctica. Oregon.

482 Garrulus Stelleri. Oregon.

483 Certhia vestiaria. Sandwich

Islands.

484 Dicceum . Sandwich Islands.

485 Icterus . Sandwich Islands.

486 Icterus . Sandwich Islands.

487 Picus carolinensis. Pennsyl-

vania.

488 Turdus . Golden crowned

thrush.

489 Ramphastos . Toucan.

Mexico.

490 Picus principalis. Pennsylvania.

491 Tanagra cestiva. Red bird. Penn.

492 Quisicalis versicolor. Penn.

493 Icterus agripennis. Penn.

494 Sylvia trychas. Yellow throat.

500 Ardea herodias.

501 Turdus felivox. Cat-bird. Penn.

502 Salvia cestiva. Pennsylvania.

503 Turdus rufus. Thrush.

504 Muscicapa ruticilla.

505 Picus varius. Pennsylvania.

506 Buceros . India.

507 Ramphastos . Toucan.

Mexico.

508 Crex alector. Fizan real. Mexico.

509 Penelope . Fizan griton.

Mexico.

517 Falco borealis.

518 Diomedea exulans.

Albatross.

* Nob. 338 to 341, and 473 to 486 were pre sented by Dr. J. K. Townsend.

519 Procellaria* . Chili.

520 Puffinus Chili.

521 Hcematopus . N. W. Coast.

522 Pyrhula? . Sandwich Islands.

523 Sterna inca. Chili.

524 Turdus naevia. Columbia river.

525 Nucifraga columbiana. Clarke's

crow.

526 Todiramphus divinus. Tahiti.

527 Fringilla Gambeli. Oregon.

593 Phaeton aethereus. N. W. Coast.

594 Sterna alba. Tahiti.

595 Troglodytes Bewickii. Oregon.

596 Trochilus cynocephalus. Chilian

Humming-bird.

597 Corvus pyrocorax. Europe.

598 Parus atricapillus. W. States.

599 Corvus corone. European crow.

600 Corvus monedula ? Jackdaw.

England.

601 Sylvia blackburnia. Blackburnian

warbler.

602 Sylvia striata. Blackpoll war-

bler.

603 Fringilla leucocephala. Bunting.

608 Fringilla socialis. Chipping spar-

row.

609 Turdus . Himalay mountains.

610 Muscicapa fusca. Pe-wee.

611 Muscicapa acadica. Green fly-

catcher.

612 Sylvia icterocephala.

6L3 Cypselus pelasgius. Chimney swallow.

614 Head of an embalmed Egyptian

Ibis (Ibis religiosa) from Koum Ombos. G. R. Gliddon, Esq.

615 Same as preceding.

616 Same as preceding.

1011 Caprimulgus carolinensis.

1012 Fuligula fennas.f Penn.

1013 Mergus cucullatus. Penn.

1014 Scolopax Wilsonii. Penn.

1015 Strix . Penn.

1016 Picus pubescens. Penn.

1017 Regulus calendula. Penn.

1018 Colymbus glacialis. Penn.

1019 Bubo virginianus. Penn.

1020 Podiceps carolinensis. Penn. 1024 Bubo (Strix) virginiana. Great

horned owl.

* Nos. 510 to 527, and 593 to 596, from Dr. J. K. Townsend.

t Nos. 1012 lo 1033 from Mr. Spencer F. Baird, of Carlisle, Pennsylvania.

10

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

1025 Picus pileatus. Pennsylvania.

1026 Charadrius vociferus. Penn.

1027 Ardea lentiginosis. Bittern.

1028 Coccoborus ludovicianus.

1029 Totanus vociferus.

1030 Tringa pectoralis.

1031 Muscicapa crinita.

1032 Charadrius marmoratus.

1033 Picus villosus.

1034 Fringilla oryzivora. Java spar-

row.

1071 Anas carolinensis.* Penn.

1072 Quiscalus ferrugineus. Penn.

1073 Sciurus ? novaeboracensis. Penn.

1074 Picus villosus. Penn.

1075 Coccyzus americanus. Penn.

1076 Turdus mustelinus. Penn.

1077 Vireo solitarius.

1078 Sylvicola castanea. Penn.

1079 Sylvicola canadensis. Penn.

* Nos. 1071 to 1069 from Mr. S. F. Baird.

1080 Sylvicola americana. Penn.

1081 Dolichonyx oryzivora. Penn.

1082 Fringilla canadensis. Penn.

1083 Sialia ? Wilsonii. Penn.

1084 Emberiza americana. Penn.

1085 Emberiza passerina. Penn.

1086 Hirundo serripennis. Penn-

1087 Anthus ludovicianus. Penn.

1088 Troglodytes cedon.

1089 Turdus minor. Bonap. Penn.

1128 Egretta leuce.

1129 Anas acuta.

1130 Pandeon carolinensis.

1131 Turdus solitarius.

1132 Trichas marylandica.

1133 Sylvicola castanea.

1134 Sylvia icterocephala.

1135 Cotyle serrepennis.

1136 Buceros . Africa.

1304 Psittacus?

1305 Diomedea -

New Holland. New Holland.

REPTILIA ET PISCES.

251 Chelonia midas. Green turtle.

252 Chelonura serpentina. Snapper.

253 Emys insculpta. Pennsylvania.

254 Emys centrata. Terrapin.

255 Testudo polyphemus. Gopher.

256 Cistuda clausa. Land tortoise.

257 Crotalus horridus. Rattle-snake.

258 Squalus . Shark.

259 Sargus ovicephalus. Sheep-head.

260 Emys rubriventris. Red-bellied

terrapin.

261 Trionyx ferox. Alabama river.

262 ? Peru.

263 Crocodilus gangeticus.

264 Emys picta. Pennsylvania.

265 Pogonias chromis. Drum.

266 Diodon rivulatus. New Jersey.

267 Emys Muhlenburgii. E. bigut-

tata.

268 Emys punctata. Penn.

269 Ostracion . India.

270 Ostracion . China Sea.

271 Diodon . China Sea.

272 Pegasus draco ? China Sea.

273 Hippocampus longirostris. China

Sea.

274 Syngnathus . China Sea.

275 Pimelodes nebulosus. Delaware river.

276 Testudo indica. Gallipagos

Islands. 278 Trionyx javanicus. Canton river. 280 Pimelodes albidus. White catfish.

282 Emys odorata. Stink-pot.

283 Bellone Gar. Delaware

river.

284 ? Atlantic Ocean.

285 A^ama undulata. Fence lizard.

286 Ameiva sexlineata. Striped lizard.

287 Testudo carbonaria. West Indies.

288 Iguana tuberculata. St. Thomas,

West Indies.

289 Pagrus argyrops. Porgie.

290 Emys serrata. South Carolina.

291 Scaphiopus solitarius. South

Carolina.

292 Rana fontinalis. Green frog.

293 Bufo clamosus. Piping toad.

294 Agama . Peru.

295 Rana sylvatica. South Carolina.

296 Rana fontinalis. South Carolina.

349 Crocodilus lucius. Young.

350 Crocodilus sclerops. Oronoco.

351 Raja . Sting Ray.

352 Tetradon turgidus. Toad-fish.

353 ? . Atlantic Ocean.

354 Anguilla oceanica. Sea-eel.

355 Bufo americanus ?

356 Bufo musicus.

357 Engystoma breviceps. South

Carolina.

358 Hyla squirilla. South Carolina.

359 Rana pipiens. Bull frog.

360 Lepisosteus . Gar.

361 Lepisosteus . Gar. Ohio

river.

362 Trionyx ferox. Ohio river.

363 Chelonia imbricata. Hawksbill.

364 Chelonia caretta.

366 Testudo indica. Gallipagos.

367 Chelonia imbricata. West Indies.

368 Chelonia midas. West Indies. 383 Lepisosteus . Gar.

591 Trionyx ferox.

CATALOGUE OF SKULLS.

592 Emys .

Mexico.

Medelin

890 Crocodilus vulgaris: embalmed;

from Magaret-es-Samoun.

891 Crocodilus vulgaris : embalmed ;

from Koum Ombos.

892 Crocodilus vulgaris of the Nile.

(Recent.)

1022 Emys scabra. Perm.

1023 Emys geographica. Perm. 1056 Crocodilus vulgaris ? St. Paul's

river, Western Africa.

1090 Salamandra fasciata. Penn.

1091 Agama undulata. Penn.

1092 Cast of the fossil Delphinus cal-

vertensis of Maryland.

1257 Cistuda ? . Liberia, Africa.

1401 Emys . River Amazon.

1402 Chelonia midas. Cape Verd.

1403 Delphinus ? . India.

1404 Chelonura Temminckii. Louisi-

ana.

1405 Chelonura Temminckii. Young.